World 1
vast, semi-arid, treeless grassland plains found in temperate climate zones
What are Steppes
a market structure where a single company is the sole provider of a specific product or service with no close substitutes
What is a Monopoly
the entrepreneurs, factory owners, and financiers who owned the "means of production" (such as machinery, factories, and mines).
Who are Capitalists
a decentralized military system lasting from the late 12th century (1185) to the mid-19th century (1868)
What is Japanese Feudalism
a manufacturing facility where workers are employed for long hours at low wages under unhealthy and unsafe conditions
What are Sweatshops
founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire
Who is Genghis Khan
the indigenous, nature-based spirituality of Japan, centered on the veneration of kami (sacred spirits or deities) that inhabit natural elements like mountains, rivers, trees, and wind.
What is Shinto
(1644–1912) was the last imperial dynasty of China, founded by the nomadic Manchu people
What is the Qing Dynasty
ruling imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty
What is the Ming Dynasty
Venetian merchant and explorer renowned for his 24-year journey along the Silk Road to Asia
Who is Marco Polo
the founder of the Mongol Empire's Yuan Dynasty in China
Kublai Khan
a political and cultural ideology that prioritizes strong military capabilities, exalts armed forces, and advocates for the aggressive use of force to expand or defend national interests
What is Militarism
the demographic shift of populations from rural areas to cities
What is Urbanization
organized groups of workers who unite to negotiate with employers—through a process called collective bargaining—over wages, benefits, workplace safety, and job security.
What are Labor Unions
Multi-family urban dwellings, typically characterized by high-density, low-cost housing. Historically, the term refers to the cramped, unsanitary, and poorly ventilated apartment buildings that housed working-class immigrants in major industrialized cities
What are Tenements
the unwritten moral code that governed the samurai of feudal Japan
What is the Bushido Code
the hereditary military nobility and elite warriors of premodern Japan
Who are Samurai
an ancient Chinese political philosophy that justified the rule of the emperor
What is the Mandate of Heaven
a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages
Who is Confucius
a historiographical term describing the stabilizing effects of the Mongol Empire's conquests on the social, cultural, and economic life of Eurasia during the 13th and 14th centuries
What is Pax Mongolica
His assassination was said to be the final straw that triggered the start of WWI.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
the first foreign-led imperial dynasty in Chinese history, established by the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan
What is the Yuan Dynasty
the final feudal military government of Japan, ruling from 1603 to 1867
Who is the Tokugawa Shogunate
the supreme military dictator of Japan, serving as the de facto ruler of the country
What is the Shogun/Shogunate
an economic philosophy that advocates for minimal or no government intervention in the free market
What is Laissez-faire