Light's On
This intellectual movement emphasized reason, individual thought, and the ability of people to solve problems.
What is the Enlightenment?
This 1754 conflict over the Ohio Valley ended with a British victory in 1763 and contributed to new taxes on the colonies.
What is the French and Indian War?
This French king ruled at the beginning of the French Revolution alongside Queen Marie Antoinette.
Who is Louis XVI?
This French military leader took power in a coup d'état and eventually crowned himself emperor.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This American founding document listed grievances against King George III and declared the colonies independent.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This English philosopher argued that people are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler to maintain law and order.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Written by Thomas Paine, this pamphlet urged colonists to support independence from Great Britain.
What is Common Sense?
This estate represented approximately 97% of France's population and included the bourgeoisie, sans-culottes, and peasants.
What is the Third Estate?
This legal reform under Napoleon helped establish a more uniform system of laws in France.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
During this disastrous campaign, Napoleon's Grand Army suffered catastrophic losses after Russia used this policy.
What is "scorched earth"?
This philosopher identified life, liberty, and property as natural rights that government should protect.
Who is John Locke?
This British policy allowed the American colonies to govern themselves with limited interference before the French and Indian War.
What is salutary neglect?
Led by Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety, this period saw approximately 40,000 people executed.
What is the Reign of Terror?
This policy attempted to prevent trade between Great Britain and continental Europe.
What is the Continental System?
This 1789 revolutionary development symbolized popular resistance against royal authority when a Parisian fortress and prison was attacked.
What is the storming of the Bastille?
This French thinker advocated separation of powers and checks and balances to prevent the concentration of government authority.
Who is Montesquieu?
This 1777 American victory convinced France that the colonists could win and helped lead to a French-American alliance in 1778.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
Members of the Third Estate made this pledge after being locked out of their meeting room, promising to continue until France had a constitution.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
After Napoleon's first surrender in 1814, this island became his place of exile before his return to France.
What is Elba?
This diplomatic meeting after Napoleon's defeat sought to contain France, restore hereditary rulers, and maintain a balance of power in Europe.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
In this work, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women deserved equal education and opportunities in fields such as medicine and politics.
What is A Vindication of the Rights of Woman?
This 1783 treaty formally recognized American independence and established the Mississippi River as the western boundary.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
This document guaranteed citizens equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion during the French Revolution.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
This final defeat ended Napoleon's last campaign for power, after which he was exiled to St. Helena.
What is the Battle of Waterloo?
What are the Articles of Confederation?