Ancient Roots & River Valleys
The continent where the earliest modern humans originated.
What is Africa?
The system used by ancient Egyptians to bring water from the Nile to their agricultural fields.
What is irrigation?
Cyrus the Great included conquered peoples in the Persian military for this primary reason.
What is to inspire allegiance to Persia?
Officials elected by plebeians in the Roman Republic to protect their rights.
Who are tribunes?
The Han dynasty invention that revolutionized education and record-keeping.
What is paper?
The two caliphs who promoted and standardized the use of the Arabic language across the empire.
Who are Abd al-Malik and al-Ma’mun?
The term archaeologists use for societies that practiced agriculture and used stone tools.
What is the Neolithic Era?
The term varnas describes this ancient Indian system.
What is a social caste system?
Two major administrative policies introduced across the Persian Empire by Darius I.
What are a uniform law code and a single currency?
The general who won Rome's civil wars in 48 B.C.E., became dictator for life, and was assassinated.
Who is Julius Caesar?
The Tang dynasty system that distributed land based on a person’s social rank.
What is the equal-field system?
The primary religious belief held in common by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
What is monotheism?
The primary economic factor that allowed the first civilizations to develop in Southwest Asia.
What are farming surpluses?
Regional adoption of a homegrown decimal system in India is NOT an example of this cultural phenomenon.
What is cultural diffusion?
The political result of Greek city-states being physically isolated from one another by mountains and seas.
What is that city-states ruled themselves independently?
A major economic factor that contributed to the gradual fall of the Western Roman Empire.
What is constant warfare that undermined the economy?
Tang woodblock printing was directly dependent on this earlier Han technology.
What is paper?
The alphabet created by a Christian missionary to translate the Bible for Slavic populations.
What is the Cyrillic alphabet?
Physical structures built around Sumerian city-states that provided evidence of frequent conflict.
What are higher city walls?
The spiritual practice related to family that remained consistent across the Shang, Zhou, and Qin dynasties.
What is ancestor worship?
The central cause of the Peloponnesian War.
What is disagreement over leadership between the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League?
The tragic event in Rome that Emperor Nero blamed on Christians to justify persecuting them.
What is the Great Fire of Rome?
Justinian consolidated, edited, added to, and eliminated obsolete versions of this legal system.
What is Roman law (Corpus Juris Civilis)?
Three major consequences of the plague on the Byzantine Empire.
What are population loss, economic decline, and political weakness?
What Hammurabi’s Code revealed about Babylonian society regarding social equality.
What is that it was a lawful society, but people were not treated equally?
The first emperor who unified Chinese kingdoms, opposed Confucianism, and heavily influenced the Qin dynasty.
Who is Shi Huangdi?
A major educational similarity shared by both Athens and Sparta for young boys.
What is teaching military skills to boys?
Chinese traders personally traveled the entire length of the Silk Roads to deliver goods to Rome.
What is False?
The long-term religious effect of the Iconoclast Controversy.
What is a lasting split (schism) in the Church between East and West?
The common result shared by innovations like paper, printing, pottery, and long-distance trade.
What is cultural diffusion?