A History of Brazil
A movement that ended a two-decade long military dictatorship in Brazil was supported by the national rallying cry expressed in this Brazilian phrase, which translates as "Direct (elections) now."
What is Diretas Já?
This secretive deal between Great Britain and France in 1916 presumptuously divided up the Ottoman-controlled Middle East well before it was up for grabs.
What is the Sykes-Picot Agreement?
In a general mirroring of Brazil during roughly the same time, the 1960s up through the 1980s (and beyond) were marked by this patterned disruption of Turkish society.
What is military intervention?
Though his final chapter in the mid-20th century was eventually sealed in assassination as a result of Western involvement, this individual fought passionately for Iranian nationalization.
Who is Mohammad Mossadegh?
This major political party in early 20th century Russia championed a "revolution now" (and at any costs) mentality.
What is the Bolsheviks?
First rising to political power in the early 2000s to fight for more rights for the poor in Brazil, this political figure just recently won another presidential election after being out of office for over a decade.
Who is Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva?
The history of Palestine in the late 1940s varies significantly depending on perspective, as what Arabs mournfully regard as Al-Nakba ("The Catastrophe") is countered by what Israelis celebrate as this.
What is the Israeli War of Independence?
Despite Atatürk's supposed commitment to promoting individual rights and freedom, his elevation of Turkish identity became a convenient means by which to oppress this vulnerable ethnic group.
Who are the Kurds?
The exile-and-return of this individual in early 1979 coincided with the final departure of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi right around the same time, a sequence of events which signified societal transformation in Iran that persists in Iran even up to the present.
Who is Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini?
The CCP emerged from World War II with the upper hand against the KMT, which was forced to retreat to this place, where it eventually set up a rival government and claimed political authority over the mainland.
Where is Taiwan?
Why do Brazilians tend to speak Portuguese, and yet most other people in South America speak Spanish? One major explanation is this late 15th century agreement, which divided up South America in a mostly arbitrary manner.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A groundbreaking event in the Middle East peace initiative that took place in Maryland during the late 1970s involved these three heads of state.
Who are Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, and Jimmy Carter?
In addition to specifying the targeted slaughter of a particular group of people, the Genocide Convention's definition of genocide also includes the intent to cause serious bodily or mental harm, inflict debilitating conditions leading to death, transfer children from one group to another, and this, which would help bring about the end of a community over time.
What is impose measures to prevent births?
Forced out of power by the British, this nationalist shah who founded the Pahlavi dynasty had a political vision that largely resembled that of his contemporaries in Brazil (Vargas) and Türkiye (Atatürk).
Who is Reza?
The current Chinese president's authoritarianism reflects the political leadership of Mao Zedong, but the economic boom in the country during the last 30 years would simply not have been possible without the changes made under this individual.
In response to losing the 1929 election, this figure staged a military coup that led to him taking power for most of the next 25 years, ultimately setting a precedent for the dictatorship that began in the 1960s.
Who is Getúlio Vargas?
These Mandate-era documents lobbied for a bi-national state and demanded Arab consent for any Jewish immigration into Palestine as well as a curbing of land ownership among immigrants, but they never came to fruition due to the emergence of a major global event that same year.
What are the White Papers of 1939?
In an ironic twist, this early 20th century activist group (formally connected to the CUP), which fought for constitutional rights and individual freedoms, ended up initiating a genocide of Christians to the east of the Ottoman Empire.
Who are the Young Turks?
When U.S. president Ronald Raegan secretly aided Iran while also publicly supporting Iraq at the same time that these two nations were at war, all for the purpose of pushing back against Soviet communism in Nicaragua, it became known as this event.
What is the Contra Affair?
Mao's political philosophy depended on ideas specifically developed and implemented by these two figures.
Who are Lenin and Marx?
This Joakim Noah-like big man from Brazil — nicknamed "Wild Thing" — roamed the paint for the Cleveland Cavaliers, taking charges and gobbling up rebounds, on the hardwood of Gund Arena for the better part of the past two decades.
Who is Anderson Varejão?
Dampening any hope of the Oslo Accords' peace process coming to fruition and igniting a Second Intifada, which eventually resulted in Hamas taking control of the Palestinian government in 2007, this opposition leader's controversial trip to Jerusalem in 2000 had devastating social and political ramifications.
Who is Ariel Sharon?
In 1923, the Treaty of Lausanne ended a war of independence that was led by Atatürk and, as a result, repealed the humiliating terms of this previous agreement.
What is the Treaty of Sèvres
Mohammad Reza Shah formed this organization — a secret police unit of sorts — in order to enforce conformity and squash resistance to his leadership.
What is SAVAK?
This early 20th century legislation represents Nicholas II's interpretation of the October Manifesto, promising a shift in Russian policy that ultimately never came to fruition due to his continued autocratic grip on Russia.
What is the 1906 Fundamental Laws?