Early modern 3
This innovation beginning in the mid 1400s helped 'revolutionize' the world by spreading knowledge and literacy and new sometimes controversial knowledge in Europe and elsewhere in the world.
What is Gutenberg's moveable type printing press, from 1455 onwards.
The US Constitution (and all the state governments) follow the basic separation of powers design originally articulated by this philosopher.
Who was Montesquieu? (Spirit of the Laws, 1748)
1789 it begins....
What is the French Revolution?
Things should not change. I believe the status quo (how things are now) is best. Technology disrupts traditional lives. And there is pressure on government to provide solutions to social problems that only increases the power of the state -- which I don't like. (name the ism?)
What is conservatism?
Berlin Conference in 1884-5 is prime example of this "ism".
What is (European) imperialism (in Africa)?
My hand-written letter explaining what I found across the Ocean, a 'whole new world', was reprinted by the new printing presses and spread throughout Europe within about 10 years so that everyone read about this 'discovery.' (name to person)
Who is Cristobal Colon? (aka Christopher Columbus).
I grew up in India, was wealthy and eventually I revolutionized my life and went to England where I married and became a Member of Parliament (the first ever Indian MP). I argued at the end of my life, however, that on the whole I thought British imperialism in India was destructive.
Who was Dadabhai Naoroji?
What is the TENNIS COURT OATH? (June, 1789 after the King and nobles try to stop the Third Estate from demanding too much)
Individuals living in a sovereign state (no matter whether it is a Kingdom or a republic) have individual rights that must to be respected and upheld by law if violated by the state or any other person or organization. These rights are not be taken away without the due process of law. (what ism?)
What is liberalism? (this idea today is often called "liberal conservatism" or "classical liberalism" or "democratic liberalism" or even "philosophical liberalism" take your pick!)
Great Britain agrees to join its old rival France and Czarist Russia in a diplomatic understanding about self-protection against other potentially aggressive European states. (name of the understanding)
What is the Triple Entente or "Entente Cordial"? (part of the set of alliances that in part led to larger war once Serbia is attacked by Austria in summer of 1914)
This famous European peninsula jutting down into the Mediterranean Sea was home to a great empire 2000 years ago, but was a collection of rival small city-states throughout much of the 1000s to 1866.
What is Italy?
In this multivolume book coming out with new editions every year, we hoped to that knowledge accessible by the reading public would 'revolutionize' all kinds of people into building better lives and a better society. (name the book and the lead editor)
What is the Encyclopedia, who was Dennis Diderot?
I plotted against some of my own people, asking my brother-in-law, the King of the large Austrian Empire, to help put me back in power like it used to be before 1789.
Who was King Louis XVI ( the sixteenth) who was then executed in January, 1793.
I wrote a short book asking workers to wake-up" to how bad they were being treated by capitalists and how they should rebel. My co-author was the son of a factory-owner; his name was Frederick Engels. (who am I?)
Who was Karl Marx?
Under the enormous military, social, economic and political strain of a massive war, this autocratic government collapses and a new political movement sweeps to power in 1917.
What is Czarist Russia? (the Bolshevist-Communists take over parts of the military and factories and other workers organizations forming councils called "soviets").
We the Turks call ourselves Ottomans, and we are a great military and religious force in the world. It took us a few years but now in 1453 we have crushed the last Byzantine city and renamed it. (give 2 names for the city)
What is Constantinople? (the old Greco-Roman and Christian name) and is now Istanbul (the Muslim-Turkish name).
We were Han Chinese leaders who ended the era of Mongol rulers in the 1300s; and we made many improvements in the 1400s and 1500s included rebuilding the Great Wall, and a Grand Canal stretching hundreds of miles north - south connecting our mightiest rivers, and reunified our country east to west and north to south again.
Who were the Ming? (who lost power eventually to the Manchurians (non-Han) in 1640s who take on the name "Qing" dynasty. The Qing will be the last and longest surviving dynasty in China (until 1911, after which China becomes a "Republic").
Some call this the First Indian Revolution for independence, but it was not successful so others call it a rebellion. Because it started among the native Hindu and Muslim soldiers being trained and commanded by the BEIC (British East Indian Company) it is usually called this.
What is the Great Mutiny of 1857? (resulting in the end of the BEIC's control of India but replaced by the British government so that India becomes the largest piece of a growing British empire).
The year is about 1910 and I believe the state (my government) should take over many of these big industries like railroads and ship-building and this new automobile industry because the capitalists in these big companies are exploiting us, the workers, and so we need the state to come in and own these industries so workers can get a better, more just wage. (name the "ism" this represents)
What is socialism?
The internal combustion (oil/gasoline burning) engine in early 1900s replaces the steam engine as a primary new power source in the second phase of the industrial revolution. The other key feature of the second phase of the industrial revolution by bout 1900 is.....
What is electricity?
The 'fall' of Constantinople actually assisted the growth of the Renaissance here because Greek Christian and scholars fled with books to this part of the world. (name this part of the world)
What is Italy? (not a single nation until 1866, these intelligent refugees brought old but important skills).
Napoleon Bonaparte expanded the size of France and then also conquered other European countries (Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, a dozen German states, parts of Italy and Austria, and Poland). In doing so he unintentionally spread some of the "revolutionary" ideas about this (an ism)
What is modern nationalism?
This Asian country underwent a 'revolution' to modernize itself quickly to go from a collection of small warring feudal states (mid 1800s) into a single powerful nation under an emperor but with modern technology by about 1890 -- all in one generation!
What is Japan (the Meiji Restoration)? have a look in your textbook)
I am a white man in Britain in (about) 1910 and we have a worldwide empire and this is a fine thing, a natural and just thing, because we, as a superior kind of people and civilization are doing good work spreading our values, language, religion, state-craft, and technical know-how to peoples who have not advanced their own societies as far as we have. (name the ism)
What is social Darwinism? (in support of imperialism; and 'soft' racism)
Political unification of this country into a single new state (led by 'Prussians') with a single language, single currency, and single government happened in this year.
What is 1871 (Germany, after 3 short wars and diplomatic activity)?