1
a ship invented by the Portuguese that made it possible to travel long distances
Caravel
leaders in the Spanish conquest of the Americas
Conquistadors
forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas
Middle Passage
the art and science of map making
Cartography
forced labor system used by the Spanish in colonial Latin America
Encomienda
exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas
Columbian Exchange
settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
Colony
remembered as the first to circumnavigate the globe
Magellan
seventeenth-century economic theory that held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
Mercantilism
sponsored the first Portuguese fleets to explore the west coast of Africa
Prince Henry the Navigator
Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America
Peninsulares
area dominated by Portugal from the sixteenth century forward
Brazil
forced labor system used in colonial Peru to draft indigenous workers to work in silver mines
Mita
offspring of Europeans and Native Americans
Mestizos
descendants of Europeans born in Latin America
Creoles
The Portuguese were the first to explore other lands because they had
Superior Ships
Spanish and Portuguese kings appointed _____________ to govern their colonies in Latin America.
Viceroys
Social class in Latin America in the 1500s was based on
Status
How did the Portuguese and Spanish make money from their Latin American colonies?
Farming and Mining
The conquistadors’ main advantage over the Aztec and Inca Empires was their
type of weaponry