Ancient Greece
As of 2000 BC, each Greek city-state had its
own, which is a system for controlling the society.
What is a GOVERNMENT?
Type of government set up in 509 BC, by a group of Roman aristocrats who overthrew a harsh king. It was a representative democracy.
What is a REPUBLIC?
The Jewish religion holds that God gave this short primary code of laws to the ancient Israelite leader, Moses. Unlike the laws of other peoples, this Jewish code focused more on morality and ethics and less on politics.
What were the Ten Commandments?
In 1066, William, duke of Normandy in France, invaded England and defeated the Anglo-Saxons in this battle. William then claimed the English throne. The outcome of this battle set in motion events that led to: (1) the end of feudalism—the political and economic system of the Middle Ages, (2) the beginnings of centralized government in England, and (3) the development of democracy there.
What was the Battle of Hastings?
During the 17th and 18th centuries, this new intellectual movement developed. Thinkers at this time tried to apply the principles of reason and the methods of science to all aspects of society. They built upon the long history of Western thought.
What was the Enlightenment?
Form of government in which a single person called a king or monarch rules in a government.
What is a monarchy.
In ancient Rome, as in Greece, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to this class of people.
Who were free-born males?
Other groups around the ancient Israelites
were polytheists--people who believed in more than one god. The Hebrews, however, could better be described by this term, meaning they believed in one God.
What are monotheists?
The English King, Henry II, is considered one of the most gifted statesmen of the 12th century. Development of the Common Law and of this type of trial as a means of administering royal justice were some of Henry’s greatest achievements. Before this type of trial, people were tried in courts of feudal lords. In such courts, the accused would usually have to survive a duel or some physically painful or dangerous ordeal to be set free.
What was the JURY TRIAL?
This English philosopher said that all human beings had, by nature, the right to life, liberty, and property. The people had an absolute right, he said, to rebel against a government that violated or failed to protect their rights. He believed that a government’s power comes from the people, not from God.
Who was John Locke?
Form of government in which a class of wealthy merchants emerged in some cities and took power or shared it with the nobility.
What is an oligarchy?
In AD 528, Emperor Justinian ordered this compilation of all Roman laws--it followed the earlier Twelve Tables from 451 BC.
What was the Code of Justinian?
The followers of this Jewish man founded the Christian religion after his crucifixion by the Roman governor. His followers believed he was the Messiah, or savior.
Who was Jesus of Nazareth?
King John of England was an unpopular king who fought a costly and unsuccessful war with France. Not only did England lose many of its land holdings in France, but John also tried to raise taxes to pay for the war. This led to conflict between the English nobles and the king. In 1215, the angry nobles rebelled and forced John to grant guarantees of certain traditional political rights. This document consisted of their written demands to him.
What was the Magna Carta?
On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris stormed the Bastille, a much-hated prison in Paris that symbolized autocratic rule. Peasant uprisings then spread from Paris throughout the country. Their fight to win democratic freedoms for the people became known as this revolution.
What was the French Revolution?
He strengthened Greek democracy by increasing the number of paid public officials and by paying jurors. This enabled poorer citizens to participate in the government. Through greater citizen participation, Athens evolved into a direct democracy.
Who was Pericles?
The ancient Roman legislative branch made up by the Patricians. It controlled foreign and financial policies and advised the consuls.
What was the Senate?
Christianity spread quickly through the Roman Empire after this emperor took a favorable view toward the religion. In AD 312, he gave credit to the Christian God for his success in a battle. He put an end to the Roman persecution of Christians. In AD 330, this emperor dedicated the new capitol city as Constantinople. He was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman times.
Who was Constantine I?
The Magna Carta recognized that a person had the right to a jury trial and to the protection of the law. This right—to have the law work in known, orderly ways—means the king could not willfully, or arbitrarily, punish his subjects.
What is due process of law?
He was perhaps the most freethinking of all Enlightenment philosophers. His most famous work was The Social Contract (1762). In it, he advocated democracy. Unlike Hobbes, he called the social contract an agreement among free individuals to create a government that would respond to the people’s will.
Who was was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
These three ancient Greek philosophers (1) encouraged students to examine their most closely held beliefs, using a question-and-answer approach; (2) wanted society governed not by the richest and most powerful but by the wisest, whom he called philosopher-kings; and (3) examined the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge--in Politics, he wrote, “Man is by nature a political animal; it is his nature to live in a state."
Who were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?
The title of the two ancient Roman officials who commanded the army and directed the government.
Who were the consuls?
In the 1300s, a brilliant cultural movement arose in Italy. Over the next 300 years, it spread to the rest of Europe, helped by the development of the printing press. The name of this movement comes from the French word for “rebirth.”
What was the Renaissance?
After years of conflict, antiroyalist forces, commanded by this Puritan leader, won control of the English government. King Charles I was condemned as a “tyrant, murderer, and public enemy” and, in 1649, was executed.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
The American colonists helped Britain win this war, which ended in 1763. This war had been very costly, however, and further expenses lay ahead. Britain believed its colonies should pay some of the cost of this war, because they shared some of the benefits. The colonists considered the British taxes to be "taxation without representation."
What was the French and Indian War?