Life in the Trenches
What type of warfare involved soldiers fighting from long, narrow ditches in the ground?
Trench warfare
What rapid-firing weapon made crossing open battlefields extremely dangerous?
Machine gun
What does AEF stand for?
American Expeditionary Forces
Which American president proposed the Fourteen Points?
Woodrow Wilson
What term describes the belief that the United States should avoid involvement in foreign conflicts?
Isolationism
What was the dangerous area between opposing trenches called?
No Man's Land
What underwater vessel did Germany use to attack enemy ships?
U-boat (submarine)
Who was the American general who commanded the AEF during WWI?
General John J. Pershing
What international organization did Wilson propose to help countries settle disputes peacefully?
League of Nations
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the South to the North and West in search of jobs and to escape racism.
Name TWO dangerous or unhealthy conditions soldiers faced in the trenches.
Rats, lice, mud, flooding, disease, trench foot, or unsanitary conditions (any two).
What chemical weapon caused breathing problems, burns, and fear among soldiers?
Poison gas
In what year did the United States enter World War I?
1917
What clause in the Treaty of Versailles required Germany to accept responsibility for the war?
War Guilt Clause
What political ideology caused widespread fear during the First Red Scare?
Communism
What term describes a situation where neither side can gain significant territory or make progress?
Stalemate
What armored vehicle was introduced to help soldiers cross trenches and difficult terrain?
Tank
What major American-led offensive helped push German forces back toward the end of WWI?
Meuse-Argonne Offensive (Battle of the Argonne Forest)
Name TWO ways the Treaty of Versailles punished or weakened Germany.
Germany had to pay reparations, reduce its military, give up territory, and accept responsibility for the war.
Why did many U.S. senators oppose joining the League of Nations?
They feared the United States would be pulled into future foreign wars.
Why did soldiers often experience low morale during trench warfare?
Soldiers faced terrible living conditions, constant danger, disease, and exhaustion while making little progress in the war.
Explain ONE way new military technology made WWI deadlier than earlier wars.
Machine guns increased casualties, poison gas caused serious injuries, and artillery caused widespread destruction.
On what exact date did the Armistice end the fighting in World War I?
November 11, 1918
What was the biggest difference between Wilson's Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles?
Wilson wanted a fair and lasting peace, while the Treaty of Versailles harshly punished Germany.
Explain TWO ways WWI changed American society at home.
Women took on expanded work roles, African Americans moved north during the Great Migration, and Americans became increasingly fearful of communism.