Research Methods
What type of variable is deliberately changed by the researcher?
Independent variable
Which parenting style combines high warmth with clear expectations and rules?
Authoritative parenting
Which psychologist developed the psychodynamic theory of personality?
Freud
Who developed the first practical intelligence test with Simon?
Binet
What is the term for changing your behaviour to match the group?
Conformity
Which ethical principle means participants can leave a study at any time without penalty?
Voluntary participation
In Harlow's monkey experiment, what did the baby monkeys prefer?
The cloth mother
Which personality theory focuses on stable traits such as extraversion and neuroticism?
Eysenck's trait theory
What does IQ stand for?
Intelligence Quotient
What phenomenon occurs when people are less likely to help because others are present?
Bystander effect
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative data is descriptive (words); quantitative data is numerical.
Which attachment style is shown when a child is upset when the caregiver leaves but is easily comforted on their return?
Secure attachment
According to Maslow, what is the highest level of his hierarchy of needs?
Self-actualisation
Why is cultural bias a problem in intelligence testing?
Because tests may favour people from one cultural background, producing unfair or inaccurate results for others.
In the Smoke-filled Room experiment, which concept explained why participants often failed to report the smoke?
Diffusion of responsibility (or pluralistic ignorance)
Why do psychologists use operational definitions when designing a study?
To define variables in a specific, measurable way so the study can be replicated.
What experiment was developed by Mary Ainsworth to classify attachment styles?
The Strange Situation experiment
Which personality type in the Meyer-Friedman Type Theory is associated with competitiveness, urgency and impatience?
Type A
Which psychologist introduced the idea of emotional intelligence?
Goleman
Which famous experiment demonstrated that group conflict can be reduced by introducing superordinate goals?
Robber's Cave experiment
A researcher follows the same group of teenagers for 10 years. What research design is being used, and two limitations?
Longitudinal study; e.g. time-consuming, expensive, participant dropout (attrition).
A child shows little distress when a caregiver leaves and avoids them when they return. Which attachment style does this describe?
Insecure avoidant attachment
Which personality theory argues that unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences strongly influence personality?
Freud's psychodynamic theory
Which psychologist proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Gardner
In Asch's conformity experiment, what happened to conformity when one other person gave the correct answer instead of agreeing with the group, and why? (use correct terms)
Conformity decreased significantly because unanimity was broken.