Brain and Perception
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
Which type of long-term memory stores facts and general knowledge?
Semantic memory
Which psychologist is associated with classical conditioning experiments involving dogs?
Pavlov
Which psychologist conducted the famous line-judgment conformity experiments?
Solomon Asch
Which component of the tri-component model of attitudes relates to feelings and emotions?
Affect
Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for fight-or-flight?
Sympathetic
Which component of working memory temporarily processes verbal and auditory information?
Phonological loop
A teacher awards a student a merit point for completing homework. Which operant conditioning principle is demonstrated?
Positive reinforcement
What is diffusion of responsibility?
Reduced personal responsibility when others are present
Which term describes unfair treatment of a person because of their membership of a social group?
Discrimination
A person identifies a partially hidden shape as a complete circle. Which Gestalt principle best explains this?
Closure
A student memorises a phone number by grouping its digits into three smaller groups. Which memory strategy is demonstrated?
Chunking
A child watches an older sibling receive praise for tidying their room and then begins tidying their own room. This best illustrates:
Vicarious reinforcement
During an emergency, witnesses see others remain calm and assume no help is needed. Which influence best explains this?
social influence
A student earns a high exam result and attributes it to intelligence, but blames a poor result on an unfair exam. This illustrates:
Self-serving bias
Identify the sensory receptor cells in the retina primarily responsible for vision in dim light.
Rods
Identify the type of interference occurring when previously learned information disrupts the recall of newly learned information.
Proactive interference.
Identify the classical conditioning process in which a conditioned response reappears after a rest period following extinction.
Spontaneous recovery.
Identify the phase in Rollie and Duck's relationship dissolution model when partners openly discuss dissatisfaction with each other.
The dyadic phase.
Identify the three processes in social identity theory.
Social categorisation, social identification and social comparison.
Explain why damage to the hippocampus may impair the formation of new explicit memories without eliminating previously learned motor skills.
The hippocampus is important for forming and consolidating new explicit memories. Previously acquired procedural motor skills rely more heavily on systems involving the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
A student remembers more words by thinking about their meanings than by counting their letters. Identify the memory model that best explains this and explain why.
The levels of processing model. Semantic (deep) processing involves analysing meaning, producing more durable encoding than shallow processing of physical features.
A student puts on a seatbelt to stop the car's warning beep. Identify the type of operant conditioning and explain why it increases the behaviour.
Negative reinforcement. Fastening the seatbelt removes an unpleasant stimulus (the warning beep), increasing the likelihood of fastening the seatbelt in future.
A witness notices someone collapse but decides not to help because they fear embarrassing themselves if they have misinterpreted the situation. Identify the process involved and explain how it reduces helping behaviour.
Audience inhibition. Fear of negative evaluation or embarrassment prevents the witness from intervening, even though they have noticed the potential emergency.
A person migrates to a new country, abandons their original cultural practices and adopts the dominant culture's customs. Identify the acculturation process and explain how it differs from marginalisation.
Assimilation. The person adopts the dominant culture while relinquishing aspects of their original cultural identity. Marginalisation involves little connection with either the original or the new cultural group.