The process by which the accumulation of product in a reaction suppresses the reaction.
What is feedback inhibition?
100
This hormone, secreted by the pancreas, prompts the synthesis of glycogen from blood glucose.
What is insulin?
100
The process by which a -CH3 molecule is added to a nucleotide base in order to affect the expression of a certain region of the genetic code.
What is DNA methylation?
100
-animals that are unable to effectively regulate their own body/internal temperature
What are ectotherms?
100
-high temperatures cause a higher rate of transpiration, which causes the stomata to do this
What is close?
200
The regulatory mechanism by which a molecule binds to an enzyme on a place other than its active site, deactivating the enzyme.
What is allosteric regulation?
200
A hormone that increases blood glucose levels by prompting the hydrolysis of glycogen.
What is glucagon?
200
-the "off-on" switch that is positioned within the promoter of a prokaryotic gene sequence that controls the access of RNA polymerase to the genes
What is the operator?
200
-the region of the Mammalian brain that serves as the "thermostat"
What is the hypothalamus?
200
-a class of hormones that have a variety of effects, such as phototrophic response through the stimulation of cell elongation
What are auxins?
300
The regulatory process by which a non-substrate molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme and inhibits the catalytic reaction.
What is competitive inhibition?
300
This ion, usually found as a means of nitrogen disposal in the circulatory -> excretory pathways of aquatic animals, also serves to regulate blood sodium concentrations.
What is ammonia?
300
-a small molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off (an example is tryptophan)
What is a corepressor?
300
-the process by which the warmest water molecules on an organism vaporize, reducing the net temperature of the organism
What is evaporative cooling?
300
-a photosynthetic adaptation to arid conditions that prevents photorespiration by carrying out the Calvin cycle in the bundle-sheath of the chloroplasts
What is C4 plants?
400
the three "checkpoints" of the cell cycle.
What are the G1 checkpoint, the G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint?
400
This hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and stimulates the reuptake of water from the kidneys, decreasing urine volume.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
400
-a gene that activates "suicide genes" which cause apoptosis.
What is the p53 gene?
400
The process in which the lumen of a superficial blood vessel enlarges, increasing the rate of heat loss for an endothermic organism.
What is vasodilation?
400
a hormone that inhibits growth and closes stomata during water stress
What is abscisic acid?
500
-two cellular means of inhibition that prevent uncontrolled cell division (and cancer)
What are density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence?
500
This structure of the nephron is made up of the descending limb and the ascending limb, which are highly permeable to water and sodium ions, respectively.
What is the Loope of Henle?
500
This type of gene is responsible for the regulation of the cell cycle and, if damaged, can induced uncontrolled cell division.
What is a proto-oncogene?
500
- a type of stress-induced protein that helps control the denaturing effects of a sudden change in temperature
What is a heat-shock protein?
500
plant hormones that stimulate cell division and growth, as well as cytokinesis