Before 1066
Explain what happened to the land bridge that connected the British Isles to the rest of Europe.
The LAND BRIDGE is under water, where the English channel is now. The climate warmed up, causing the ICE to MELT and SEA LEVELS to rise.
They were very tired.
The purpose of a castle. Give two.
TO CONTROL THE LOCAL POPULATION
TO SHOW POWER/INTIMIDATE
TO TAX THE LOCALS (MAKE MONEY)
PLACE FOR THE BARON TO LIVE
Name the leader of the Catholic Church (the head).
Monks and Nuns made 3 vows when they committed to their role in the Church. Name and describe the vows.
Vow of Poverty - CANNOT OWN PERSONAL PROPERTY
Vow of Chastity - CANNOT MARRY
Vow of Obedience - HAD TO OBEY STRICT RULES
Name one contribution made by the the following early settlers to the British Isles:
CELTS
ROMANS
ANGLO-SAXONS
CELTS - SOAPS, PERFUME, HOLIDAYS (HALLOWEEN AND MAY DAY)
ROMANS - Road systems, coins, calendars, words
ANGLO-SAXONS - Gave England its name, literature
1. Where was Harold’s army positioned?
2. How was it strategic?
1. At the top of Senlac hill
2. They had the high ground.
Name 2 “key points” where the castle would be built.
- NEAR ENTRANCES OF TOWNS
- RIVER CROSSINGS
- PORTS AND IMPORTANT AREAS THAT COULD BE TAXED (MARKETS)
Why were people in the Middle Ages so religious?
- They used religion to explain things they didn't understand (ex. scientific knowledge was poor)
- Church was the main place to socialise
What is a pilgrimage?
A journey of religious significance
Describe the following in classes from Anglo-Saxon society.
EARL
THEGN
CEORL
THRALL
Earl - OWNED LAND CALLED AN EARLDOM
Thegn - LOCAL LAND OWNERS
Ceorl - ORDINARY VILLAGERS (LABOURERS)
Thrall - SLAVES WHO HAD TO WORK OFF DEBT
Explain William of Normandy's strategy the lead to his victory on 14 October 1066.
- Soldiers ran up the hill
- Pretended to retreat
- Housecarls broke their shield wall when chasing them
- The knights would kill those that ran down the hill
- The archers were able to penetrate the holes in the shield wall
1. Why did William poison the crops in the North?
2. What happened to the people that experienced the Harrying of the North?
1. TO STARVE THE AREA, TO TEACH REBELS A LESSON, REVENGE FOR KILLING A NORMAN
2. The people in the North of England experienced FAMINE FROM CROP AND ANIMAL DEATH, THEY LOST USABLE FARM LAND. SOME RESORTED TO EATING DEAD BODIES OF PEOPLE, DOGS, AND CATS.
1. Describe a doom painting
2. What was the purpose of a doom painting in the church
2. Reminders people what will happen in hell if they do bad things. Hopefully they will improve their behaviour.
Why was Jerusalem important to the following groups?
1. The Muslims
2. The Christians
3. The Jews
1. The Muslims
--> LOCATION OF “THE DOME OF THE ROCK” MOSQUE
--> PROPHET MUHAMMAD ROSE UP TO HEAVEN FROM HERE
2. The Christians
--> LOCATION OF “THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE”
--> BELIEVE JESUS WAS BURIED THERE AND SPENT A GOOD AMOUNT OF HIS LIFE THERE
3. The Jews
--> LOCATION OF THE LAST REMAINING PART OF KING HEROD’S TEMPLE (WAILING WALL AKA WESTERN WALL)
--> BELIEVE THAT ALL OF CREATION STARTED THERE
Name the Pros and Cons of the following individuals and it relates to how suitable they were to take over as the King of England.
1. Harold Godwinson
2. William of Normandy
3. Harald Hardrada
1. Harold Godwinson
--> Pros - ENGLISH, BRAVE, RESPECTED, TOUGH SOLDIER, AN EARL, THE WITAN SUPPORTED HIM
--> Cons - HIS DAD ARGUED WITH EDWARD WHO BANISHED FROM ENGLAND
2. William of Normandy
--> Pros - EDWARD SAW HIM AS FAMILY (GOOD FRIENDS), STRONG MILITARY LEADER, GREAT FIGHTER, FIERCE
--> Cons - FRENCH
3. Harald Hardrada
--> Pros - FIERCE, VIKING RULES ENGLAND PREVIOUSLY
--> Cons - NO SOLID RELATION TO ENGLAND OR EDWARD
Housecarl
- USED BATTLE AXE, SHIELD
- CAN FORM A SHIELD WALL
- CAN CUT A MAN IN HALF
- FULLY-TRAINED, AND WELL-PAID
The Fyrd
- USED PITCH FORK, SCYTHE, SWORDS
- LARGE GROUP (MANY OF THEM)
- MOTIVATED TO FIGHT FOR HOMELAND
Name two features of castle designed to keep attackers out
- Moat
- Drawbridge
- High fence
What there some duties of a local priest, GIVE 3
- SHARING NEWS
- BURYING THE DEAD
- GIVING BIBLE TEACHINGS (UNDERSTOOD LATIN)
- BAPTISING BABIES
- OFFICATING MARRIAGES
- TAKING CONFESSIONS
Explain some of the purposes of going on a Crusade
1. TWO Financial reasons
2. TWO Religious reasons
1. Financial reasons
AVOID PAYING TAXES WHILE THEY ARE AWAY
CAN INHERIT LAND ON THEIR RETURN
TO GAIN PROPERTY IN THE HOLY LAND
TO GET RICHES IN THE HOLY LAND
2. Religious reasons
TO HAVE SINS FORGIVEN
TO OBEY THE POPE’S WISHES
TO HELP OTHER CHRISTIAN’S RIGHT TO GO ON FUTURE PILGRIMAGES
Why is it difficult to know learn about the people who lived in England before 1066?
PEOPLE DIDN'T WRITE THINGS DOWN.
WE CAN ONLY GO OFF OF EVIDENCE LIKE FRAGMENTS OF BONES, PIECES OF POTTERY, AND STONE TOOLS.
Name and describe the three types of soldiers in William of Normandy's army
1. Foot soldiers
--> Weapons: SWORD AND SHIELD
--> HIGH KILLING POWER WHEN CLOSE UP
--> SLOW, SHORT-RANGE
2. Knights
--> Weapons: HORSE, JAVELIN, MACE, SWORD, SHIELD, CHAIN MAIL
--> SPEED, MOBILE, KILLING POWER
--> LARGE TARGET
3. Archers
--> Weapons: BOW AND ARROW
--> LONG RANGE
--> NO ARMOUR, NOT GOOD AT CLOSE-UP COMBAT
The advantage of building the Great Tower (The keep) on a motte
- offers a good view
- easy to spot attackers coming
- difficult for attacker to fight up hill
- can throw things down at attackers
Why would a person become a monk or nun? Give three distinct reasons
WANTED TO GET INTO HEAVEN
TO LIVE A PEACEFUL LIVE
TO GET AN EDUCATION
List the knowledge gained by Crusaders through their contact with the Islamic world.
1. Products - Fruits, slippers, carrier pigeons, nutmeg
2. Knowledge - Old Greek scripts, Arabic numerals, medical knowledge
3. Technology - Surgical tools, better compasses and maps
4. Warfare - castle design, the greater utilisation of archers, the trebuchet