Physics
Question: What quantity is measured in watts?
Answer: Power
Question: What molecule contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of living organisms?
Answer: DNA
Question: Convert 0.375 into a percentage.
Answer: 37.5%
Question: What is the SI unit of stress?
Answer: Pascal (Pa)
Question: What is the term used to describe the long-term average pattern of weather in a region?
Answer: Climate
Question: What is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration described by Newton's Second Law?
Answer: F = ma
Question: What is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?
Answer: Photosynthesis
Question: A $500 item increases in price by 10%. What is the new price?
Answer: $550
Question: What type of force acts to pull a material apart?
Answer: Tension
Question: What is urbanisation?
Answer: The increasing proportion of a population living in urban areas.
Question: A 5 kg object experiences a net force of 20 N. Calculate its acceleration.
Answer: 4 m/s²
Question: What is the primary role of enzymes in biological reactions?
Answer: To act as biological catalysts by lowering activation energy.
Question: A car travels 360 km in 4.5 hours. Calculate its average speed.
Answer: 80 km/h
Question: A force of 2,000 N acts on an area of 0.01 m². Calculate the stress.
Answer: 200,000 Pa (or 200 kPa)
Stress = Force ÷ Area
= 2,000 ÷ 0.01
= 200,000 Pa
Question: What is the difference between weather and climate?
Answer: Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term patterns and averages of weather.
Question: A 2 kg object is lifted vertically through a height of 8 m. Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy. Use g = 9.8 m/s².
Answer: 156.8 J
Question: What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
Answer: Genotype refers to an organism's genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to its observable characteristics resulting from its genotype and environmental influences.
Question: $5,000 is invested at 4% compound interest per annum. Calculate the value after 3 years.
Answer: Approximately $5,624.32
Question: What is the difference between elastic deformation and plastic deformation?
Answer: Elastic deformation is temporary and the material returns to its original shape when the force is removed. Plastic deformation is permanent and remains after the force is removed.
Question: Explain one environmental consequence of urbanisation.
Answer: Possible answers include increased habitat destruction, increased pollution, the urban heat island effect, increased surface runoff, or loss of biodiversity, with an explanation of how urban development causes the effect.
Question: A 1,200 kg car travelling at 25 m/s has a kinetic energy calculated using KE = ½mv². If its speed doubles, by what factor does its kinetic energy increase?
Factor of 4
Question: A population of insects becomes resistant to a pesticide over several generations. Explain how natural selection could result in pesticide resistance becoming more common.
Answer: Some insects may have genetic variation that gives them resistance to the pesticide. Resistant insects are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing the resistance allele to their offspring. Over generations, the frequency of the resistance allele increases in the population.
Question: A surveyor stands 80 m from the base of a tower. The angle of elevation to the top of the tower is 42°.
Calculate the height of the tower, correct to one decimal place.
Answer:
Height = 80 tan(42°)
= 72.0 m
Question: A steel rod has an original length of 2.0 m and extends by 0.004 m when subjected to a load. Calculate the strain and state whether strain has a unit.
Answer:
Strain = Change in length ÷ Original length
= 0.004 ÷ 2.0
= 0.002
Strain is dimensionless, meaning it has no units.
Question: Explain how population growth can contribute to environmental pressure and describe one strategy that could reduce this pressure.
Answer: Population growth can increase demand for land, water, food and energy, leading to resource depletion, habitat destruction and increased pollution. Strategies may include improving resource efficiency, sustainable urban planning, renewable energy, improved agricultural practices or reducing waste.