Motion
What type of motion occurs when a body segment moves around a fixed axis?
Angular Motion
Which energy system breaks down glucose without oxygen to rapidly produce ATP?
Anaerobic glycolysis (Lactic Acid system).
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Name the four chambers of the heart.
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
Which major muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee?
Quadriceps
What type of motion occurs when the entire body moves in a straight line, with all parts moving in the same direction at the same speed?
Linear Motion
Which energy system is the dominant supplier of energy during a marathon?
Aerobic System
Which component of cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle with each heartbeat?
Stroke Volume
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
Name the major muscle responsible for dorsiflexion at the ankle.
Tibialis Anterior
A footballer running down the wing swings their arms and legs while moving forward. What type of motion best describes the overall movement?
General Motion
A basketball player performs repeated high-intensity sprints for 30 seconds. Which energy system is likely to be the dominant energy supplier?
Anaerobic glycolysis system.
What is the term used to describe the number of breaths taken per minute?
Respiratory rate.
Describe the pathway of blood through the heart, starting from the vena cava.
Vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Body.
Describe the agonist, antagonist, and type of contraction occurring at the knee joint during the upward phase of a vertical jump.
The quadriceps are the agonist, the hamstrings are the antagonist
During a tennis serve, the arm rotates around the shoulder while the body moves toward the ball. Identify the angular and linear components.
Angular motion occurs at the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints; linear motion occurs as the body moves toward the ball.
Compare the ATP-PC system and the Aerobic system in terms of energy production rate and duration.
The ATP-PC system produces energy very quickly but only for about 10 seconds, while the Aerobic system produces energy more slowly but can continue for long durations.
Explain why breathing rate and tidal volume increase during exercise.
To deliver more oxygen to the working muscles and remove increased amounts of carbon dioxide produced during exercise.
During vigorous exercise, heart rate rises from 60 bpm to 180 bpm. Explain how this helps improve performance.
A higher heart rate increases cardiac output, allowing more oxygenated blood to reach working muscles and more waste products to be removed, supporting energy production and delaying fatigue.
What is the name of the muscle located on the shoulder that can be seen anteriorly and posteriorly
Deltoids
Why is understanding angular, linear and general motion important for athletes and coaches?
It allows movement to be analysed more effectively, helping improve technique, efficiency, performance and injury prevention.
Why is it important for athletes and coaches to understand the contribution of each energy system to performance?
Understanding energy systems allows training to be designed specifically for the demands of the sport, improving performance, recovery, and fatigue management.
Why does an athlete continue breathing heavily after completing intense exercise?
To repay oxygen debt (EPOC), replenish energy stores, and remove excess carbon dioxide from the body.
If an athlete has a resting heart rate of 50 bpm compared to an untrained person's 75 bpm, what does this suggest about their cardiovascular fitness?
The athlete has greater cardiovascular efficiency and a larger stroke volume, allowing the heart to pump the same amount of blood with fewer beats.
What muscle is located in the middle of your upper back?
Trapezius