Role of the Brain
This philosophical debate questions whether the mind is separate from the body or purely physical.
What is the mind–body problem?
This brain process involves strengthening frequently used neural connections and removing unused ones.
What is synaptic pruning?
This describes the range from deep sleep to extreme alertness.
What is the continuum of arousal?
This score represents intelligence based on age-standardised performance on tests.
What is IQ (intelligence quotient)?
This statistical measure represents the average value of a dataset.
What is the mean?
This early technique attempted to map personality traits by examining bumps on the skull.
What is phrenology?
This concept describes the brain’s ability to change and adapt due to experience or damage.
What is neural plasticity?
This type of attention focuses on one stimulus while ignoring others.
What is selective attention?
This model includes analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.
What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
This graph is used to display the relationship between two variables and can show correlation.
What is a scatterplot?
PET, MRI, and fMRI are all examples of this type of technology used to study brain structure and function.
What are neuroimaging techniques?
This theory of development emphasises stages such as sensorimotor and concrete operational thinking.
What is Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
REM and NREM are stages within this repeating biological cycle.
What is the sleep–wake cycle?
This theory suggests intelligence includes multiple domains like musical, interpersonal, and logical.
What is Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory?
This statistical test is used to compare the means of two groups.
What is a t-test?
These two systems make up the nervous system: one includes the brain and spinal cord, and the other includes somatic and autonomic divisions.
What are the central and peripheral nervous systems?
This type of environment enhances cognitive growth compared to deprived environments.
What is an enriched environment?
This hormone, regulated by the hypothalamus and pineal gland, controls sleep patterns.
What is melatonin?
These studies (e.g., Minnesota twin study) help determine the influence of genetics on intelligence.
What are twin studies?
This value indicates whether results are statistically significant.
What is the p-value?
These specialised brain areas are involved in speech production and language comprehension.
What are Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area?
This emotional bond between caregiver and child supports healthy psychological development.
What is attachment?
This sleep disorder involves repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep.
What is sleep apnoea?
This measure determines whether an intelligence test produces consistent results over time.
What is reliability?
This type of data describes qualities or characteristics rather than numerical values.
What is qualitative data?