Cells
What are the two types of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
name two types of mutations
point mutation, chromosomal mutations
What is base-pair substitution
One nucleotide and its complementary partner replace another pair of nucleotides
What is a prokaryotic cell
Cell with no structure
What does mRNA stand for
messenger RNA
mutation that occurs in the gametes
What is a misense mutation
Misense mutation is a changed codon that codes for an amino acid but does not necessarily make the correct sense
What is an eukaryotic cell
Cell which has organelles
What is meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes
what is somatic mutation
mutations that occur in the embryo
A nonsence mutation is a point mutation that changes a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon. The stop codon causes translation to stop shortening the polypeptide chain that is being synthesised. In most cases, it creates a non-functional protein.
What is the process of division of cells called and what are the phases
mitosis
interphase, protophase, anaphase
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis
Mitosis produces two genetically identical “daughter” cells from a single “parent” cell, whereas meiosis produces cells that are genetically unique from the parent and contain only half as much DNA.
Explain frame of shift in terms of mutations
An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence
Explain the difference between an insertion and deletion mutation
Insertion is a point mutation where a nucleotide is added into the code.
Deletion is a loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene sequence.