Volcanos
What is a volcano?
An opening in the Earth's surface that releases magma, ash, and gases.
What is an earthquake?
A sudden shaking of the Earth's surface caused by energy released along a fault line.
What is a landslide?
The movement of rock, soil, or debris down a slope due to gravity.
What is a sinkhole?
A depression or hole in the ground caused by the collapse of a surface layer into an underground cavity.
What does BOLTS stand for?
Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale
bonus 300 - explain each part
What ancient city was destroyed by Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD?
What causes an earthquake?
Tectonic plates move, pressure builds, then releases as seismic waves.
Name one thing that can trigger a landslide.
Heavy rain, earthquakes, or human activity
Name the three causes of sinkholes
Water, limestone, human activity
What part of BOLTS allows me to understand how far I have to travel from point A -> point B
scale
bonus 200 - provide an example
Name the three types of volcano structure
shield, composite, underwater
bonus 100 - draw an example of a shield volcano
What is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake?
Magnitude
bonus 100 - T/F the higher the magnitude the weaker the earthquake
Why does heavy rain make a landslide more likely?
It adds weight to the slope and reduces friction between soil particles.
What's the difference between a proactive and reactive response to a sinkhole?
Proactive = preventing it before it happens; reactive = responding after it's already occurred.
bonus 100 - provide an example for both
What BOLTS feature would you add to show which way is north?
Orientation — a compass/north arrow
What's the difference between a dormant and an extinct volcano?
Dormant could erupt again in the future; extinct has no remaining magma supply and won't erupt again.
Name one impact an earthquake can have on a community.
loss of homes, loss of jobs, death/ injury
What do people plant to stop landslides from happening, explain why
trees, because strong roots in the ground stop the ground from sliding
What caused the 2025 Bangkok sinkhole?
Soil erosion from an unfinished MRT tunnel that damaged a sewer pipe.
What's the difference between easting and northing?
Easting is read first, along the bottom; northing is read second, up the side.
Why is Mount Vesuvius still classified as active today?
It last erupted in 1944 and is expected to erupt again.
What are the three ways tectonic plates can move?
transform, converging, diverging
bonus 300 - draw each type of tectonic plate movement and recall the anology we used to remember them
what are the three types of impacts that a landslide could cause? give an example for each one
social, economic, environmental
social - loss of homes/ death/ injury
economic - loss of infrastructure
environmental - loss of natural habitats
Name one positive and one negative economic impact of a sinkhole.
Positive: creates repair/construction jobs.
Negative: costly to repair.
what is the correct format when writing down an area reference?
AR eastings northings