Plant Cells
This rigid, protective outer layer gives a plant cell its rectangular shape and keeps it standing tall.
The Cell Wall
Unlike plants, animal cells lack a rigid cell wall, leaving this flexible outer boundary as their only protective barrier.
Cell Membrane
What is the main function of red blood cells?
What is the main function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen around the body.
What is the main function of root hair cells?
To absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.
What does a microscope allow scientists to see?
Objects and structures too small to see with the naked eye.
These green, solar-powered factories absorb sunlight to make food for the plant.
Chloroplasts
Often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, this organelle generates most of the chemical energy the animal needs to move around
Mitochondria
What protein in red blood cells binds to oxygen?
Haemoglobin.
How does the long, hair-like extension help root hair cells?
It increases surface area, allowing more water and mineral ions to be absorbed.
Who first used the word 'cells' after observing cork under a microscope?
Robert Hooke.
This massive, central storage tank holds water; when it is empty, the plant wilts.
Permanent Vacuole
This large central organelle acts as the command center, housing the animal's DNA and instructing the cell on what to do
Nucleus
How does the biconcave shape help red blood cells?
It increases their surface area relative to volume, allowing oxygen to diffuse efficiently.
Why do root hair cells not contain chloroplasts?
They do not conduct photosynthesis as they are underground.
How did microscopes help scientists develop cell theory?
They allowed scientists to observe cells in different organisms and discover that living things are made of cells.
This clear, jelly-like fluid fills the rest of the cell and keeps all the other parts floating in place.
Cytoplasm
These tiny, numerous dots act like factory workers to assemble proteins based on instructions from the nucleus.
Ribosomes
Why must red blood cells be flexible?
To squeeze through narrow capillaries and deliver oxygen to body tissues.
Why do root hair cells have a thin cell wall?
To provide a short distance for water and mineral ions to move into the cell.
How have microscopes helped scientists develop treatments for diseases?
They allow scientists to study pathogens and infected cells, helping them understand how diseases affect the body and develop treatments.