Chemical Bonding
What is an atom called when it loses electrons?
Cation (positive ion)
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
Give two examples of renewable resources.
Any two of: Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass.
Define 'infectious disease' and give an example.
An infectious disease is a disease that can be passed from person to person. They are caused by pathogens like viruses or bacteria. E.g. Influenza or COVID-19
What piece of equipment and unit of measurement is used for temperature?
Thermometer in degrees Celsius
Water is an example of a compound that contains what bond type?
Covalent (sharing of electrons)
What are the two types of electrical circuits?
Parallel and Series
Explain what makes a resource renewable, and describe why using renewable resources is important for the environment.
A resource is renewable if it can be replenished naturally within a short time and is not depleted with regular use. Using renewable resources helps reduce pollution, limit greenhouse gas emissions, and conserve non-renewable resources, making it better for the environment.
Define 'homeostasis' and describe one mechanism the body needs to use homeostasis for.
Homeostasis in the maintenance of a constant internal environment in a changing external environment. For example, the body must maintain a constant internal body temperature.
The variable that responds to a change from the independent variable.
The variable that is measured.
Name the organic compound that has the formula:
C5H12
Pentane (5 carbons)
What is Ohm's law? (Equation)
Ohm’s Law states that:
Voltage = current × resistance
or V = I × R.
How is crude oil extracting from the Earth?
Crude oil is extracted by drilling wells into underground reservoirs and pumping the oil to the surface.
What are the three main causes of non-infectious disease?
Genetics, Lifestyle and Environmental factors.
What are the 5 components needed for a 'good graph'?
Scale, Points, Line, Axes, Title
Magnesium and chlorine can form an ionic bond. What is the chemical formula for Magnesium chloride?
MgCl2
If a circuit has a voltage of 12V and resistance of 4Ω, what is the current?
I = V/R = 12V/4Ω = 3A.
Describe one environmental impact of coal mining, and suggest a way to minimise this impact.
Coal mining can cause habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water pollution. One way to minimise this impact is to rehabilitate mined land by replanting vegetation and carefully managing waste materials to prevent pollution.
How does fever help the body fight infection?
Fever increases body temperature which can make it harder for pathogens to survive and helps speed up immune responses.
Why should an experiment be repeated, and how many times?
An experiment should be repeated to assess reliability and consistency across results. This should be done at least 3 times.
Aluminium and oxide ions combine to form an ionic compound. What is the chemical formula for aluminium oxide?
Al2O3
Explain how energy is transformed in a battery-powered torch and identify at least two energy conversions.
Chemical energy from the battery is converted to electrical energy, which then is transformed into heat and light energy in the bulb.
Explain one environmental impact of crude oil extraction or refining, and suggest a strategy to reduce this impact.
Extraction and refining can cause oil spills, air pollution, and habitat destruction. A strategy to reduce impact is using strict safety measures, spill containment, and investing in cleaner technologies.
Explain how failure to maintain homeostasis can result in specific disease (your choice)
E.g. Diabetes
In diabetes, the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels properly due to issues with insulin production or response, resulting in harmful effects on organs and tissues.
Describe the three main discussion points needed for a scientific report.
Reliability - Repeated and replicability of the experiment.
Validity - Variable control to ensure fair testing
Accuracy - Similarity to experimental results to expected or researched results.