Nutrition
Name the macronutrient that provides 9 calories per gram - more than double that of carbohydrates or protein.
Fat
Name the organ system primarily responsible for regulating the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.
The renal (urinary) system / kidneys
What does the acronym REM stand for in relation to sleep?
Rapid Eye Movement
Name a common mindfulness practice that involves focused attention on the breath or present moment to reduce stress.
Meditation
Name one of the most common mental health disorders, characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities.
Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)
This B-vitamin deticiency causes the disease beriberi, which affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
This mineral, lost heavily through sweat, is critical for nerve transmission and muscle contraction, and its depletion can cause cramping.
Sodium (or electrolytes generally)
Name the brain structure often called the body's "master clock," located in the hypothalamus, that controls circadian rhythms.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
What term describes the practice of setting limits on what one will accept or tolerate from others, often cited as key to emotional self-care?
Boundaries
Name the part of the brain most associated with processing fear and emotional responses.
The amygdala
Name the process by which plants convert sunlight into the glucose that ultimately becomes a dietary source of energy for humans.
Photosynthesis
What is the medical term for excessive thirst, often an early sign of diabetes or dehydration?
Polydipsia
This sleep disorder is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, especially at night.
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
Name the psychological concept describing a person's ability to recover quickly from difficulties or adapt well in the face of adversity.
Resilience
What is the term for a group of anxiety disorders characterized by recurring, unexpected panic attacks?
Panic disorder
This condition results from a severe deficiency of Vitamin C and is historically associated with sailors on long voyages; it impairs collagen synthesis.
Scurvy
Name the process by which water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
Osmosis
Name the neurotransmitter that promotes wakefulness and whose receptors are blocked by caffeine to produce its stimulant effect.
Adenosine (caffeine blocks adenosine receptors)
This journaling practice, in which a person regularly records things they are thankful for, has been shown in research to improve mood and life satisfaction.
Gratitude Journalling
Name the neurotransmitter most strongly linked to feelings of pleasure and reward, often implicated in addiction.
Dopamine
Name the essential fatty acid family, found in fish oil, that the human body cannot synthesize and must obtain from the diet.
Omega-3 fatty acids
This potentially fatal condition occurs when excessive water intake during endurance exercise dilutes blood sodium levels dangerously low.
Exercise-associated hyponatremia (water intoxication)
This chronic condition involves recurring episodes of sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong emotion, often occurring alongside excessive daytime sleepiness.
Cataplexy (associated with narcolepsy)
Name the psychological theory, developed by Abraham Maslow, that places self-actualization at the top of a pyramid of human needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Name the psychiatric condition characterized by alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression.
Bipolar disorder