What's the conditional?
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the beach.
First conditional
What is the 1st conditional used for?
Future possible events
Make a 1st conditional sentence:
(The weather / to be as sunny tomorrow as it was today / we / to go surfing)
If the weather is as sunny tomorrow as it was today, we will go surfing.
If it ______ (to be) sunny tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
Is
My boss is thinking of sending me to Japan; I've never tried sushi before!
If my boss sends me to Japan, I will try sushi.
Whenever my roommate snores really loudly, I can't sleep.
Zero conditional
What is the 0 conditional used for?
Things that are true (universally or for us)
Make a 2nd conditional sentence:
(I / to meet a genie / I / to ask him for my three wishes)
If I met a genie I would ask him for my three wishes
If you ______ (not do) the homework, you _______ (to get) in trouble.
Don't do, will get
Carlos wants to go to the cinema, but he doesn't have any money.
If Carlos had some money, he would go to the cinema.
If I had been born a boy, my parents wouldn't have had a third kid.
Third conditional
Compare the 1st and 2nd conditional (structure + use)
1st conditional is a possible future events: If + present simple, will + verb in infinitive
2nd conditional is a present or future situation that is impossible or highly unlikely, also used for giving advice: If + past simple, would + verb in infinitive
Make a 0 conditional sentence:
(you / to smoke for a long time / you / to get yellow teeth)
"If you smoke for a long time, you get yellow teeth."
If I ______ (buy) my El Gordo ticket with you, I would have won a tonne of money too.
Had bought
I want to go for a run, but it's not possible because it's raining.
If it weren't raining, I would go for a run.
If I had known my metro line was cut this morning, I wouldn't be running late to work.
Mixed conditional
Compare the 2nd and 3rd conditionals (structure + use)
The 2nd conditional is used for present and future hypothetical situations: If + past simple, would + verb in infinitive
The 3rd conditional is used for past hypothetical situations: If + past perfect + would + have + verb in past participle
Make a 3rd conditional sentence:
(we / to leave home earlier / we / not to miss our train)
If we had left home earlier, we wouldn't have missed our train.
If she _______ (not speak) 3 languages, she _______ (not work) here in the hotel.
Didn't speak, wouldn't work
Sara is really smart, but she failed her final biology exam because she didn't study for it.
If Sara had studied for her final biology exam, she wouldn't have failed.
You would have passed the exam if you didn't spend so much time playing video games!
Mixed conditional
When do we use the mixed conditional?
When talking about a past hypothetical situation that has a consequence in the present
Make a mixed conditional sentence:
(you / not to have your license / your dad / not to pay off the driving school)
You wouldn't have your license if your dad hadn't paid off the driving school.
She ________ (to be) mad right now if you _______ (not tell) her secret to your friends at the party last night.
Wouldn't be, hadn't told
My parents only had my younger sister because they wanted to try to have at least one daughter.
If I had been a girl, my sister wouldn't be alive.