Justice Abe Fortas (Tinker vs Des Moines)
What pronouns does 1st person POV use?
"I" or "me"
What is tone?
the attitude that a character or narrator or author takes towards a given subject
What is foreshadowing?
an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.
What is the meaning of the word "dissent"?
disagree
How many paragraphs should your essay be when your writing on the LEAP?
3-4
14A. Which sentence best states the central argument of the majority opinion?
Because the wearing of the black armbands was not genuinely disruptive, the student protest is protected by the constitutional right of freedom of expression
16A. What is the meaning of the word arrogates as it is used in the sentence?
claims presumptuously
What is the definition of metaphor?
comparing two unrelated things
19A. In paragraph 9, Ross claims, "The Supreme Court used this occasion to make a very broad statement and enunciate a rule for protecting the speech rights of students during the school day." What is the meaning of the word enunciate in this context?
declare definitively
What should you do if don't understand ONE QUESTION on the LEAP?
Skip it and come back to it, use process of eliminations, remain calm and focus on what you DO KNOW.
14B. Which two quotations from the passage directly support the central argument of the majority opinion?
"There is here no evidence whatever of petitioners' interference, actual or nascent, with the schools' work of collision with the rights of other students to be secure and to be let alone."
"...undifferentiated fear or apprehension of disturbance is not enough to overcome the right to freedom of expression."
16B. Which language feature provides context for determining the meaning of arrogates?
the way in which "rather" signals a contrast with "state's elected officials"
What is the definition of Onomatopoeia?
when words look or sound like the word being described.
19B. Which word from the quotation provides the best context for determining the meaning of enunciate?
statement
How many sessions are on the English II LEAP? How long are they?
3
90 minutes, 90 minutes, 80 minutes
15A. How does the reference to Sparta in paragraph 11 help to advance the argument of the majority opinion as a whole?
It emphasizes the dangers on suppressing free thinking
17A. What is the main purpose of the dissenting opinion?
to argue that the majority opinion is an overreach of court authority and that local officials should have the authority to make the decisions they made
18A. How does the author of the dissenting opinion use paragraph 2 to advance his overall argument?
He summarizes the general argument that he intends to refute
20A. In paragraph 4, law professor Catherine Ross begins her discussion of the Tinker v Des Moines decision by stating that "Tinker came up during the Vietnam War." What is the purpose of introducing the Vietnam War at this part of the discussion?
to provide important social and historical context of the students' protest
21A. Which option best states a central idea of the transcript?
allowing young people to exercise their rights will make them better future citizens
15B. Which group of people mentioned in the majority opinion is comparable to the rulers of Sparts discussed in paragraph 11?
the school officials who enforced the ban of black armbands
17B. Which quotation from paragraph 1 of the dissenting opinion supports the answer to Part A?
A
18B. In which sentence does the author of the majority opinion use a similar technique?
D
20B. Which quotation from the dissenting opinion written by Justice Hugo Black most directly relates to this section of Ross's discussion?
"... to demonstrate to other students that the petitioners were mourning..." (paragraph 1)
21B. Which paragraph from the majority opinion written by Justice Abe Fortas makes a point similar to the answer to Part A?
paragraph 13