BIPOLAR
What is the difference between Bipolar 1 and 2?
Bipolar 1 is characterized by mania and possibly some depressive episodes.
Bipolar 2 is characterized by major depressive episodes with some HYPO mania.
What is psychosis?
Altered cognition, altered perception, and impaired ability to determine what is real or not. Symptom of schizophrenia, not a disease.
Name at least three characteristics of a panic attack.
Repeated episodes of panic, sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear (or terror) that reach a peak within minutes, and last only about 10-30mins. Impending doom, SOB, chest pain, heart palpitations, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, abdominal issues.
What neurotransmitter is responsible for most symptoms of MDD?
Decreased serotonin.
What are the two main characteristics for each cluster of personality disorders?
A = Odd & Eccentric.
B = Dramatic & Erratic.
C = Anxious & Fearful.
High levels of what neurotransmitters cause mania?
Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
****PSA** they are high in mania and low in depression.
Difference between positive and negative symptoms? *With one example of each.
Positive = presence of something that is usually absent (ex. hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, echolalia, catatonia, etc.).
Negative = the absence of something that is usually present (ex. altered (reduced) affect, alogia, avolition, anergia, and anhedonia).
What are at least five different symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Somatic (abdominal) symptoms, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, restlessness, procrastination, poor decision-making skills, out-of-proportion worrying, and constant assurance-seeking.
TRUE OR FALSE - MDD is 2x more likely in women than men and can be episodic and/or recurrent.
True.
'Submissive and clingy behaviour, excessive need to be taken care of by others, separation anxiety, doesn't like being alone, inability to make decisions, lack of confidence, avoid disagreements, and abuse tolerance' are characteristics of what personality disorder?
Dependent Personality Disorder.
What does the acronym 'DIGFAST' stand for, and what does It represent?
Distractibility, Insomnia, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activity level, Speech, and Thoughtlessness.
It represents the main symptoms of mania.
What is the clinical picture of schizophrenia? (5)
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behaviour, and negative symptoms.
Difference between obsessions and compulsions? (OCD)
Obsessions = thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur.
Compulsions = ritualistic behaviours or thoughts an individual feels driven to perform to temporarily reduce anxiety.
What are at least five symptoms of MDD?
Feeling helpless/sad/hopeless, anhedonia, weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation or agitation, anergia, guilt, inability to concentrate, suicidal thoughts, etc.
'Disregard for (and violation of) the rights of others; aggression, irritability, violence, lack of impulse control, lack of remorse, and poverty of emotion' are classic characteristics of what personality disorder?
Antisocial Personality Disorder.
Name and describe the phases of bipolar disease.
1. Acute phase = intense manic or depressive episode.
2. Continuation phase = Symptoms are controlled but mental health is fragile (lasts 4-9months).
3. Maintenance phase = Mental health is more stable and back to baseline.
What are the phases of schizophrenia?
1. Acute phase = onset of disruptive symptoms with resultant loss of functional abilities.
2. Stabilization = diminished symptoms and movement back towards baseline.
3. Maintenance = near baseline, mostly absent symptoms, level of functioning is good.
What are two different obsession themes and compulsion themes?
Obsessions = fear of contamination, germs, dirt; needing things orderly and symmetrical; unwanted thoughts including aggression.
Compulsions = washing and cleaning; checking; counting; following routines; orderliness.
What is the goal of care for the continuation phase of MDD?
Prevent relapse via medications, education, and psychotherapy.
'Acute discomfort in relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, eccentric behaviour, and possible magical thinking' are the characteristics of what rare personality disorder?
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
What is the care goal for the maintenance phase of bipolar disease?
Prevention of relapse and limitation of severity and duration of future episodes.
What is the care goal for the stabilization phase of schizophrenia?
Help patient adhere to treatment and become stabilized on medications, and to control/cope with symptoms.
What are at least three symptoms of social anxiety disorder, AKA, social phobia?
Persistent, intense fear; avoidance of social situations, fear of negative evaluation or scrutiny, sensitive to disapproval or criticism, poor self-esteem.
What are three interventions for MDD?
Cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy, group therapy, light therapy, activity/exercise, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and medications like antidepressants.
'Attention seeking, overly emotional, strong opinions with no merit to back them up, shallow and rapid emotion expression changes, obsessed with physical appearance, easily influenced by others' are characteristics of what personality disorder?
Histrionic Personality Disorder