Early America
The transatlantic transfer of plants, animals, people, and disease after 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
1676 rebellion against Virginia governor Sir William Berkeley over frontier defense and taxes.
What is Bacon’s Rebellion?
1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging independence from Britain.
What is Common Sense?
1803 land purchase from France that doubled U.S. territory.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
1830s policy leading to forced removal of Native Americans; included the Trail of Tears.
What is Indian Removal?
Spanish labor system that granted colonists the right to extract labor from Native peoples.
What is the Encomienda System?
Economic theory viewing colonies as resources for the mother country, shaping British colonial policy.
What is Mercantilism?
The nation’s first constitution, in effect during and immediately after the Revolutionary War.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
1807 law restricting international trade to pressure Britain and France, harming American merchants.
What is the Embargo Act?
2nd religious revival in the early 19th century that inspired social reform movements.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
1680 uprising where Pueblo people expelled Spanish settlers from present-day New Mexico.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
18th-century religious revival that influenced American social and political thought.
What is the Great Awakening?
1787 meeting that drafted the U.S. Constitution.
What is the Constitutional Convention?
Economic changes including increased mechanization, transportation, and market-oriented production.
What is the Market Revolution?
1840s/50s belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.
What is Manifest Destiny?
The first permanent English settlement in North America, established 1607.
What is Jamestown?
British policy of limited enforcement of colonial regulations that allowed colonial autonomy.
What is Salutary Neglect?
Early political battle over ratification and the need for a Bill of Rights opposing the Federalists.
Who are the Anti-Federalists?
1825 waterway connecting the Great Lakes to the Hudson River that spurred trade and settlement.
What is the Erie Canal?
1846–1848 conflict that resulted in large territorial gains for the United States from Mexico.
What is the Mexican-American War?
Land grant program used to attract settlers to Virginia by awarding acreage to those who paid passage.
What is the Headright System?
1765 British tax on printed materials that sparked colonial protests.
What is the Stamp Act?
Treasury plan including assumption of state debts, a national bank, and funding; proposed by Alexander Hamilton.
What is Hamilton’s Financial Plan?
Political movement promoting expanded white male suffrage and greater presidential power associated with Andrew Jackson.
What is Jacksonian Democracy?
1850 legislation package meant to settle slavery issues in territories, included Fugitive Slave Act.
What is the Compromise of 1850?