Sampling
Individuals, events or facts that constitute the "who" or "what" of a research project.
What is population?
This technique is applied at a single point in time. It's quantitative.
What is a cross-sectional survey?
The process of categorising, labelling, and organising data in order to identify patterns, themes, and concepts.
What is coding?
A method of data collection in which researchers carefully design and systematically observe specific behaviours, events, or interactions.
What is structured observation?
The subset of participants exposed to a stimulus in an experiment.
What is the experimental group?
Sampling techniques wherein the likelihood of an individual’s inclusion in the sample is uncertain.
What is non-probability sampling?
The same individuals are surveyed across time on a subject.
Involves systematically identifying recurring patterns or themes within qualitative data, providing insights into the underlying meanings or concepts present in the material.
What is thematic analysis?
Refers to the degree of agreement or consistency between two or more independent observers or raters when assessing the same phenomenon or data. Used in structured observation.
What is interrater reliability?
A strategy used in experimental design to reduce bias by keeping key information hidden from participants, researchers, or both, thus contributing to more objective and credible research outcomes.
What is blinding?
A researcher identifies a couple of participants for a study and relies on their help in identifying additional participants.
What is snowball sampling?
A type of survey question that unintentionally or intentionally guides respondents towards a particular answer by suggesting a certain perspective.
What is a leading question?
This qualitative method encourages interaction and collective exploration of a particular topic.
What is a focus group?
A research technique where the researcher becomes an active participant within the community or group being studied.
What is participant observation?
Data collection methods that avoid interfering with subjects under study, employed by both quantitative and qualitative researchers.
What is unobtrusive research?
A tenet of probability sampling techniques, it implies that every individual or element in the population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen for inclusion in the sample.
What is random selection?
The tendency for respondents to answer questions in a way that portrays them favourably or conforms to social norms.
What is social desirability?
The point in qualitative data collection and analysis where gathering additional data no longer provides new or substantially different insights, themes, or information.
What is data saturation?
A research environment where the researcher can observe and collect data without requiring special permissions or formal access approvals.
What is an open setting?
In content analysis, the underlying, less conspicuous meaning beneath the observed surface content.
What is latent content?
The sample mirrors the relevant attributes of the population for the conducted research.
What is a representative sample?
The average value in a distribution of responses and a measure of central tendency for interval and ratio-level variables.
What is the mean?
A key skill in qualitative interviews and focus groups involving attentive and empathetic listening to participants.
What is active listening?
The phenomenon where individuals modify their behaviour or performance when they know they are being observed.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
A systematic method of gathering data designed to test hypotheses within controlled conditions.
What is an experiment?