Etiology
What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting?
Gastroenteritis
What is a common symptom of GERD that involves burning chest pain?
Heartburn
What class of medication is commonly used to reduce stomach acid production?
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with severe vomiting?
Prevent dehydration
Which condition can result from chronic GERD and increase esophageal cancer risk?
Barrett's Esophagus
Which condition is caused by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What symptom often accompanies excessive vomiting and can lead to dehydration?
Electrolyte imbalance
Which antiemetic medication blocks dopamine receptors in the brain?
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Which dietary modification is recommended for a patient with GERD?
Avoid spicy foods and eat small, frequent me
What serious complication can occur due to excessive vomiting and electrolyte imbalance?
Metabolic alkalosis
What bacteria is commonly associated with peptic ulcer disease?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
Which upper GI disorder presents with black, tarry stools due to bleeding?
Peptic ulcer disease
What is the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection?
Combination of antibiotics (amoxicillin, clarithromycin) and a PPI
Why should patients with peptic ulcer disease avoid NSAIDs?
They can cause gastric irritation and bleeding
What is a potential consequence of an untreated gastric ulcer?
Perforation
What is a major cause of esophageal varices?
Liver cirrhosis
What is a symptom of gastric outlet obstruction?
Projectile vomiting
What is the preferred treatment for severe GERD that does not respond to medications?
Nissen fundoplication surgery
What position should a patient with GERD sleep in to reduce reflux symptoms?
Elevate the head of the bed
What life-threatening condition can result from a ruptured esophageal varix?
Massive upper GI hemorrhage
Which condition results from prolonged vomiting leading to a tear in the esophagus?
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
What is an early sign of esophageal cancer?
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Which medication can be given to protect the stomach lining in patients taking NSAIDs?
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
What should be monitored closely in a patient with an upper GI bleed?
Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
What can develop as a complication of repeated vomiting due to an obstructed pyloric sphincter?
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)