Fall of Rome & Byzantine Empire
What are the three main reasons for the fall of the Roman empire?
-Political Instability
-Social & Economic Problems
-Weakening Frontiers
What was the purpose of feudalism?
Feudalism was created for protection
What church did Christians in western Europe all belong to?
The Roman Catholic Church
What two reasons made towns come back into popularity?
-Surplus of Food
-Revival of Trade
What is the bubonic plague?
A deadly disease that quickly spread, causing a massive loss of life.
What empire was the Byzantine Empire a continuation of?
The Roman Empire
Please place the following roles in order from most to least powerful
-Peasant
-Lords/Ladies
-Monarchs
-Knights
-Monarchs
-Lords/Ladies
-Knights
-Peasants
What school system was developed from cathedral schools?
University System
What is a guild? What do guilds do for their members?
Organization of people in the same craft/trade. Guilds provide protection to workers, maintain quality of goods, and take care of guild members and their families who were sick and unable to work.
Why was the Hundred Years' War fought?
Land disputes between England and France.
What two things was emperor Constantine credited for?
-Creating a new Roman capital in the east, this city would later be known by many different names.
-Being tolerant of Christianity, and allowing it to be practiced within the empire.
What title was Charlemagne given by the Roman Catholic Church because of their partnership?
Holy Roman Emperor?
What is a pilgrimage? Why do people go on pilgrimages?
A journey to a holy site. To show dedication to their faith.
How were Jewish people often treated in European towns? What opportunities were they given?
Jewish people often faced discrimination, both in laws and people's behavior towards them.
Jewish people were able to become moneylenders and bankers, these opportunities were typically forbidden to Christians. These jobs were looked down upon for being "wicked".
What is the Magna Carta?
"The Great Charter". A legal agreement that limited the English monarch's power.
What was Europe like after the fall of the Roman empire?
Europe was dangerous and unstable
What is a vassal?
Someone who receives land, and in return they give service
Give an example of how the Church helped provide stability to Europe
-Provided leadership
-People's lives revolved around the Church
-Church organize distribution of food
-Monasteries provided a place for travelers and refugees
-Monks copied and preserved texts
How did merchants become so powerful in Europe? What is one example of the power they had?
Massive growth of trade/commerce increased the power and wealth of merchants. Merchants could buy towns out of feudalism, and run the towns themselves.
What is Model Parliament?
A government that involved more people. This included commoners, Church officials, and nobles.
What is Iconoclasm? Why did the Eastern Orthodox Church use this policy?
"Icon Smashing", or the destruction of religious symbols/art. Eastern Orthodox Church believed people were wrongly worshiping icons as if they were divine.
What English king ruled from 1154 - 1189, creating legal reforms and increasing the power of royal authority?
Henry II
What was the result of the power struggle between Pope Gregory and king Henry IV?
Henry IV was kicked out of the Church, and begged to be let back in. This showcased the power the Church could have over monarchs
How did punishing and accusing people of crimes change in England during the 1100s?
England began using a system of courts, based on common law.
How did political developments weaken feudalism?
-Strengthened royal authority, weakened nobles
-New ideas helped push for democratic ideas and institutions