Sovereignty
What is sovereignty?
supreme power or authority.
What does NGO stand for?
Non-governmental organization
What is Compulsory power?
Direct control by one actor over another
- In other words, actor A holds direct control over actor B
- Ex: International organizations using their influence to change the behaviors
of a ‘rogue’ state
How was Island of Ted an example of collective action?
The collective action movements had to be made to save the roads and defense.
NGOS Vs. IGOS
NGOs
-Not affiliated with government entities, although may work hand in hand with governments to solve problems
-Funding received from donations through private citizens, philanthropy, private corporations, government grants
-Typically formed by two or more individuals, rather than states
IGOS
-Formed through international treaties that become the “charter” for the group
-Funding received from members of the organization
-Directly governed by representatives from member states
Transnational corporations and what are now called civil society organizations have vastly expanded their scope and modalities of operations, affecting the daily lives and fortunes of people and in some cases, entire countries across the world
What are the three main types of NGOs we spoke about in section?
-private sector
- non-profit
- activist groups
What is the “Polity Score”?
A 21-point scale called the “Polity Score”
○ -10 to -6 :Autocracy
○ -5 to +5 : Anocracy
○ +6 to + 10 :Democracy
§US scored an 8 in 2021
Why did some teams get more resource points than others? What was this trying to show in the real world?
Why are IOs not well positioned to tackle the world problems?
Instead of the new world order, we have growing disorder; unilateralism, ultra-nationalism and the politics of identity.
IGOs can be inefficient and self defeating due to “pathology”
-Trump admin pulling USA from WHO during COVID
-Member states have no authority to “punish” moves of this nature
UN Security Council unable to ensure peaceful outcomes to crises; to contrary we are hearing talk of a new “Cold War” (China/Russia vs US/EU)
Which author used the CORE, PERIPHERY AND (NEO)IMPERIALIST INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS idea?
TICKNER
How can NGO rival state power?
challenge and influence
What did the NPR argument from week 3 show us about communities and race?
Experts say the differences are not due to racism alone. One factor is cultural: For instance, the long, historic ties between the peoples of Ukraine and Poland. A second factor is political: Terrorism fears over the last two decades have shaped the reception of migrants from countries perceived as security threats.
Who won island of ted?
trick question what is winning?
Why are IOs Are Well Positioned to tackle the challenges of the 21st century?
IGOs define shared international tasks
- Creates new categories of actors (ie. refugees)
- New interests for actors (ie. promoting human rights)
- Transfers models of political orgs globally (ie. markets and democracy)
Sources of IO power: Autonomy, authority, accountability, participation
•Uniquely able to act as a convening body synthesizing all four of these aspects to push agenda-setting power
•(1) Classify world, creating categories for actors and action
•(2) fix meanings in the social world
•(3) articulate and diffuse new norms, principles, actors globally
What was Annan, Kofi. “The New World Disorder: Challenges for the UN in the 21st Century, main ideas?
Sovereignty
Right of the individual
Mutual understanding
What does KRASNER argue when it comes to sovereignty?
As the world becomes more global and reliant on trade, it may seem that sovereignty does not carry much weight anymore, however this is not true. This is what keeps the world superpowers in check.
What is the main argument of A Century of International Feminism: From World War 1 Women’s Peace Pragmatism to the Women, Peace and Security Agenda?
Feminism didn’t come late in IR; IR came late to feminism
- Women’s peace activists in WWI is where we first see this
- However, IR academia really didn’t include women until quite
recently
What penalties did lying in Island of Ted have?
repeated games, build distrust
The Power of International Organizations (IOs)
IOs can become autonomous sites of authority, independent from the state “principals” who may
have created them
What is the realist school of thought in IR?
•Realism is the idea that all countries are out for themselves no matter what.
What is globalization?
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale (Webster)
What is the puzzle Owen trying to solve?
Well then how do we determine who is a democracy and who isn’t?
According to Owens (1994), a liberal democracy refers to “a state that instantiates liberal ideas, one where liberalism is the dominant ideology and citizens have leverage over war decisions” (p. 89)
What was the big take away from Island of Ted?
Anarchy
Social construct
What was Stroup and Murdie's main argument?
Advocacy → “involves the strategic use of information to garner
attention and support for the mission of the organization” (Stroup &
Murdie, 2012, p. 246)
● The advocacy strategy of an INGO (international non-governmental
organization) is shaped by said INGO’s country of origin
○ Why? Because national origin determines 1) the availability and structure of
material resources and 2) the domestic institutional environment for its
activities
● Differences in INGO strategies help us understand 1) national and
global advocacy by INGOs and 2) how the state is important in shaping
the behavior of non-state actors