1
What is the eye made of?
Muscle, Connective, and Adipose tissue
What artery is the major supplier to the eyes?
The ophthalmic artery supplies the structures in the eye
What does the term miosis mean?
What is ectropion? During an eye examination
Turning out go the lower eyelid
What are the most common causes of blindness in adults over 40?
Cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration
The orbit (eye) is surrounded on 3 sides by the sinuses, which are they?
Ethmoid, Frontal, and Maxillary
What are the 4 eye functions that provide clear images?
Refraction, pupillary constriction, accommodation, and convergence
What does the term mydriasis mean?
What is entropion? During an eye examination
What is some nursing managements with vision impairments
Treat the patient's emotional, physical, and social adaptation from the vision impairments
What is the normal IOP (intraocular pressure)
Normal IOP is 10-21mm Hg
What is the name of farsightedness?
Hyperopia. Can see far, not near
What does PERRLA mean?
Pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation
What is trichiasis? During an eye examination
Turning in of the eyelashes
Ocular pharmacokinetics fun facts
The dynamics of ocular pharmacokinetics include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion... meds can be administered effectively through the diffusion process, or by ocular injection method. They come in the following forms, aqueous solutions or suspensions, ophthalmic ointments, subconjunctival injections, intravitreal injections
Aqueous humor is a clear watery fluid. Produced by the ciliary processes, and the fluid drains into the canal of Schlemm, which is a passage way that extends around the eye permitting fluid to drain out of the eye into the systemic circulation so a constant intraocular pressure is maintained. If pressure is too high what occurs?
Glaucoma
What is the name for nearsightedness?
Myopia. Can see near, not far
Age is an important factor to consider when assessing visual perception. Why?
The incidence of glaucoma and cataract formation increases with aging
What is nystagmus? During an eye examination
Involuntary oscillating movements of the eyeball
What are some risk factors for glaucoma?
African American race, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, family history, migraines, myopia (nearsightedness), older age, etc. Chart 63-5 pg. 1890 for more
What gland produces tears?
The lacrimal gland
What is astigmatism caused by?
It is caused by unevenly curved surfaces on or in the eye, especially of the cornea. Images focuses at two different points on the retina
What is ptosis? During an eye examination
Drooping of the eyelid
What does the six cardinal directions of gaze check for? (up, down, left, right, and both diagonals)
It screens for any ocular trauma, or neurologic disorders (such as stroke or myasthenia gravis)
POAG (primary open angle glaucoma or wide angle)
PACG (primary angle closure glaucoma or narrow angle) which is most common?
POAG is most common, just think wide angle meaning wide (widely spread)