Philosophical approaches
The orientation in which reality is assumed to be external to and separate from the knower.
What is objectivism
Two prominent theorists in radical behaviourism.
Who is Skinner, Watson, Thorndike, Pavlov
A cognitive framework or mental structure used to organize and interpret information based on prior knowledge and experiences.
What is a schema (or mental model)
A famous Russian scholar often associate with cognitivism and constructivism.
Who is Vygotsky
A change in performance or performance potential that comes about as a result of the learner's experience and interaction with the world.
What is learning theory
The belief that all things in the world can be known.
What is realism
Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behaviour.
What is positive reinforcement
Awareness and regulation of one’s own thought processes, including the ability to plan, monitor, and evaluate cognitive strategies.
What is metacognition
The epistemological approach most often associated with constructivism.
What is interpretivism
A learning theory that would support having learners identify and pursue their own learning goals.
What is constructivism
The belief that all knowledge consists of only ideas or representations about reality.
What is idealism
Adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behaviour.
What is (positive) punishment
The ability to perform a task or process information with little or no conscious effort, due to extensive practice or repetition.
What is automaticity
"That knowledge develops in _______ is central to the notions of situated learning."
What is context
The instructional design process, SMARTboards, Canvas, books, chalkboards . . . are all examples of what?
What is educational technology
The belief that reality exists but cannot be known directly. Knowledge is provisional, not absolute. Knowledge can be obtained through empirical or rational processes.
What is pragmatism
Gradually guiding behaviour toward a desired goal by reinforcing successive approximations of the behaviour.
The process by which thoughts, ideas, or concepts that are stored in long-term memory are triggered and activated in relation to one another. It's like a chain reaction, where activating one node (a concept or idea) in memory leads to the activation of related nodes, forming a network of associations.
What is spread of activation.
This process involves learners actively engaging with peers and educators to co-construct knowledge, emphasizing the importance of dialogue and collaboration in understanding concepts.
What is social negotiation of meaning
An active constructor of knowledge, making meaning of the world surrounding him/her/them.
What is a learner
This approach is unconcerned about whether knowledge is true in an absolute sense, arguing instead that truth (and, therefore, knowledge) depends on the knower's frame of reference.
What is interpretivism
Learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus.
What is classical conditioning
A learning strategy in which a learner writes down notes in their own words rather than just writing information down verbatim.
What is elaboration (a type of encoding)
A type of learning in which learners work in groups to solve a real problem. They can seek out various resources and strategies to help them arrive at a solution.
What is problem-based learning.
This concept was developed in response to the abundance of information available to us. Students now need to locate information rather than memorize it. It merely repackages theories of networked learning and distributed knowledge that have been in circulation since the 1960s and 1970s.
What is connectivism