Cells
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Outmost Layer of skin
Epidermis
The 206 bones of the human body are divided into these two main divisions
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
This system composed of bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments, makes up approximately 20% of total body mass
Skeletal system
This longest cranial nerve extends from the brainstem to the digestive organs, influencing heart rate and digestion
Vagus Nerve
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
The 3 Components of Eukaryotic Cells
These glands are the most numerous in the human body, they are located on the palms, soles, and forehead. They Secrete a watery solution that helps with thermoregulation
Eccrine Glands
Bone forming cells that secrete unmineralized bone matrix called osteoid and play a key role in bone growth and repair
Osteoblast
This bony structure, composed of the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum, protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs
Thoracic cage
These three types of muscle tissue differ in function and location
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
Non membranous structures responsible for synthesizing proteins; can be either free floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Immune cells found in the epidermis that function as antigen-presenting cells and help initiate an immune response against invading pathogens
dendritic cells
This type of cartilage, found in the menisci of the knee and intervertebral discs, provides great tensile strength due to its thick collagen fibers
Fibrocartilage
The vertebral column is divided into these five major regions
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions
This process, which occurs in the nucleus, involves copying genetic information from DNA into mRNA before being translated into proteins
Transcription
A Process known as “self-eating” that allows cells to degrade and recycle damaged organelles and cytoplasmic components by enclosing them in vesicles that fuse with lysosomes
Autophagy
5 layers of the epidermis
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
Stratum corneum
This process that occurs in red bone marrow is responsible for the formation of blood cells and is essential for oxygen transport and immune function
Hematopoiesis
The wider, shallower, and rounder shape of this structure in females allows for childbirth and distinguishes it from the male version
Female pelvis
This process is essential for growth and repair and results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell
Mitosis
This component of the cytoskeleton, composed of tubulin subunits act as the "highway system" for intracellular transport
Microtubules
Highly metastatic and chemotherapy resistant cancer that arises from melanocytes and is most easily recognized using the ABCD rule
Melanoma
When a bone fractures the repair process involves four stages: a hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and this final stage, which can take several months
Bone remodeling
This larger and medial lower leg bone transmits the body's weight from the femur to the foot. What is its more lateral counterpart
Fibula
This type of membrane protein is found across the entire plasma membrane and is responsible for transporting molecules
integral proteins