Appositives
What is an appositive?
A noun or noun phrase that renames or identifies another noun right beside it.
What is a subordinating conjunction?
This type of conjunction connects a dependent clause to an independent clause.
Define paraphrasing.
Restating someone else’s ideas in your own words while keeping the original meaning
Define summarizing.
Briefly restating the main ideas of a text in your own words.
Which classic monster is said to transform during a full moon?
werewolf
Identify the appositive: The Olympics, a global sporting event, brings together athletes from around the world.
a global sporting event
Fill in the blank with a subordinating conjunction:
________ standardized tests can help measure learning, they can also increase student stress.
Although
Paraphrase this sentence: Hosting the Olympics can create jobs but often leads to debt for the host city.
While the Olympics can boost employment, the host city often ends up in debt.
Which sentence best summarizes this idea?
Standardized testing can create anxiety, limit creativity, and lead to unfair comparisons.
A) Standardized testing makes some students nervous.
B) Standardized testing has several drawbacks for students and schools.
B
Combine the sentences using a subordinating conjunction to create one smooth, spooky sentence:
The haunted house was silent. The trick-or-treaters refused to go inside.
The trick-or-treaters refused to go inside when the haunted house was silent.
The trick-or-treaters refused to go inside as the haunted house was silent.
The trick-or-treaters refused to go inside since the haunted house was silent.
Combine the sentences using an appositive:
Simone Biles is an American gymnast. She is known for her record-breaking skills.
Simone Biles, an American gymnast, is known for her record-breaking skills.
Combine the sentences using a subordinating conjunction:Cities spend billions to host the Olympics. They hope it will improve tourism.
Since cities spend billions to host the Olympics, they hope it will improve tourism.
True or False: A paraphrase should copy most of the same words as the original.
False.
Summarize this in one sentence: The 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Games had a global audience of five billion with the Games broadcast in 200 countries. More than 56 percent of foreign visitors to Brazil for the 2016 Games were new visitors and Brazil set tourism records with 6.6 million foreign tourists and $6.2 billion dollars.
The 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Games reached five billion viewers worldwide and brought record tourism to Brazil, with 6.6 million visitors generating $6.2 billion.
Write a sentence using an appositive and a Halloween theme.
My cat, a black ball of fur, always hides during trick-or-treating.
Revise this sentence by adding an appositive phrase that provides more context about the noun in italics:
The committee decided to support the city’s bid to host the Olympics.
The committee, a group of former athletes and local business leaders, decided to support the city’s bid to host the Olympics.
Identify the subordinating conjunction in the sentence:
Athletes risk long-term health effects even though performance-enhancing drugs may lead to short-term success.
even though
Paraphrase this: Many athletes feel pressure to use performance-enhancing drugs to stay competitive.
Athletes turn to banned substances because they think it’s necessary to compete at the highest level.
Summarize this in one sentence: Some argue that performance-enhancing drugs make sports unfair, while others believe allowing them would level the playing field.
Opinions differ on whether performance-enhancing drugs harm or help fairness in sports.
Legends say this creature is a spirit or demon that haunts graveyards at night, often depicted as skeletal or shadowy, and was thought to bring disease or death if seen.
What is a ghoul?
Identify the appositive phrase in the sentence and explain whether it is essential or nonessential:
Dr. Naomi Wiggins, a leading researcher in sports medicine who studies the effects of performance-enhancing drugs, presented her findings at the conference.
Appositive phrase: a leading researcher in sports medicine who studies the effects of performance-enhancing drugs
It is nonessential because the sentence still makes sense without it: Dr. Naomi Wiggins presented her findings at the conference.
Combine the following sentences into one complex sentence using a subordinating conjunction and reorder the clauses so the dependent clause comes first: Many athletes use performance-enhancing drugs. They believe it gives them a competitive edge.
Since many athletes believe it gives them a competitive edge, they use performance-enhancing drugs.
Explain how paraphrasing differs from summarizing.
A paraphrase restates all the original ideas in new words, while a summary only includes the main points.
Write a one-sentence summary that captures the main idea of this passage without copying any phrases:
“Although standardized tests can offer data to compare student performance, they often fail to measure creativity, critical thinking, and other skills essential for real-world success.”
Standardized tests provide limited information because they overlook important abilities like creativity and critical thinking.
This word describes the fear of Halloween.
samhainophobia