Vocab basics
This term describes all the genes in a population
What is the gene pool?
When populations are separated by physical barriers.
What is geographic isolation?
This type of selection favors one extreme phenotype
What is directional selection?
This is a random change in allele frequency
What is genetic drift?
If a new mountain forms between a population, what type of isolation occurs?
What is geographic isolation?
The frequency of an allele in a gene pool is called this.
What is relative frequency?
When populations reproduce at different times.
What is temporal isolation?
This type of selection favors the average phenotype.
What is stabilizing selection?
This effect occurs when a small group forms a new population
What is the founder effect?
A small bird species splits into two based on differences in mating calls. What kind of isolation is this?
What is behavioral isolation?
A trait controlled by just one gene is called this
What is a single-gene trait?
When mating behaviors prevent breeding between groups
What is behavioral isolation?
This type of selection favors both extremes over the average
What is disruptive selection?
What is the founder effect?
What is genetic equilibrium?
Explain how reproductive isolation leads to speciation.
no gene flow → new species form)
A trait controlled by two or more genes is called this
What is a polygenic trait?
The type of isolation necessary for speciation
What is reproductive isolation?
A bell-shaped curve often results from this kind of trait.
What is a polygenic trait?
List two conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
(e.g., no mutations, random mating, large population, no migration, no selection)
Which selection pattern is at work if predators target only medium-colored prey?
What is disruptive selection?
This principle states allele frequencies stay constant unless something changes them
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
Name two types of reproductive isolation and explain how they work
behavioral, geographic, temporal
Give an example of directional selection in nature
giraffe necks
A flood wipes out most of a population. What kind of genetic change might follow?
What is genetic drift
A population of squirrels becomes isolated on an island. Over time, they look very different from the mainland squirrels. Explain what might have happened.
What are geographic isolation and the founder effect?