Asthma
This type of medication is recommended for reliever therapy across all steps for patients >12 years of age
What are inhaled corticosteroids?
The usual duration of oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma exacerbation is this many days.
What is 5–7 days?
This group includes patients with frequent or severe exacerbations, regardless of symptom burden
What is Group E?
This intervention is the only management strategy proven to slow down the progression of COPD
What is smoking cessation?
Respimat products counseling
What is TOP?
Turn the clear base
Open the cap and close your lips around the mouthpiece
Press the dose release button and inhale
GINA 2024 recommends this combination therapy as preferred reliever treatment across all steps for patients aged ≥12 years.
What is low-dose ICS-formoterol?
Step 1 preferred treatment for adults and adolescents includes this as-needed option.
What is low-dose ICS-formoterol?
Group E recommended regimen
What are LABA + LAMA?
The cardinal symptoms to require antibiotics are:
What is increased sputum purulence plus either increased sputum volume or increased dyspnea or requiring ventilation support
The differences in airflow limitation between asthma and COPD
What is
Asthma: Reversible, does not worsen over time
COPD: Non fully reversible and progresses over time?
Name a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) that can be added at Step 4 or 5 for patients with persistent symptoms.
Tiotropium
At Step 5, in addition to high-dose ICS-LABA, patients may be evaluated for this type of therapy.
What is biologic therapy?
This medication class is not recommended for monotherapy in COPD due to limited benefit and risk of pneumonia.
What are inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?
These patients will require oral corticosteroids
All hospitalized patients
Before starting a biologic, asthma patients should be evaluated for these two biomarkers.
What are blood eosinophil count and FeNO (fractional exhaled nitric oxide)?
This class of asthma medications is associated with oral thrush, especially if proper inhaler technique is not used.
What are inhaled corticosteroids?
According to GINA 2024, treatment adjustments should be based on these three components.
What are symptoms control, risk of exacerbations, and patient preferences/adherence?
The recommended vaccines are:
What is influenza, pneumococcal, COVID-19, dTaP/dTPA, Zoster(age > 50) and RSV?
Confirmatory diagnosis of COPD?
What is FEV1/ FVC < 0.70?
A 75-year-old with cognitive decline struggles to use a DPI. Best option?
What is a nebulizer or pMDI with spacer?
This leukotriene receptor antagonist may be considered as an add-on therapy, especially in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Montelukast
In elderly patients, this side effect of beta-agonists may be more pronounced due to comorbid cardiovascular disease.
tachycardia
Agent used in patients with very severe COPD, chronic bronchitis and frequent exacerbations who are at least on one long-acting bronchodilator
Roflumilast
Hospitalized patients for COPD exacerbation should be assessed and supplemented if severe deficiency of --- is found
What is vitamin D?
Patients with asthma-COPD overlap may benefit from this triple inhaler therapy.
What is ICS + LABA + LAMA?