Earth's Structure
Oceanic crust is created by volcanic rocks and covered by oceans (maximum thickness is 10km).
What are the three different types of plate boundaries?
1) Divergent plate boundary
2) Transform plate boundary
3) Convergent plate boundary
Archipelagos fall under which type of landform?
Coastal
Geological hazards are caused by _____ and ____ processes.
Geological hazards are caused by internal and external processes.
Define continental crust and its characteristics (average depth).
Continental crust is formed by the continents and their platforms (average depth of 35km).
Explain the movement and consequences of divergent plate boundaries. (2 of each)
Movement: Plates move away from each other; creates crust
Consequence: volcanoes, islands
What is the difference between a mountain and a hill?
Mountain: naturally formed elevation of Earth's surface with steep slopes
Hill: natural elevation of land which is lower and has sloes that are less steep than a mountain
Name 2 examples of the most dangerous geological hazards.
Earthquakes and volcanoes
The ____ or mesosphere is the ____ layer that extends from under the crust and reaches a depth of around 2900 km.
The mantle or mesosphere is the semi-solid layer that extends from under the crust and reaches a depth of around 2900 km.
Explain the movement and consequences of transform plate boundaries. (2 of each)
Movement: Plates slide against each other; destroys crust
Consequence: faults, earthquakes
What is the difference between a valley and a depression?
Valley: low area of land between two high areas of land
Depression: large area of land which is lower than surrounding areas
How are tsunamis formed?
Earthquakes can happen under the ocean, creating huge waves called tsunamis.
_____ is very hot liquid and semi-liquid rock that consists in the mantle.
Magma is very hot liquid and semi-liquid rock that consists in the mantle.
Explain the movement and consequences of convergent plate boundaries. (2 of each)
Movement: when two plates collide; subduction: one plate slides under the other
Consequence: mountains, volcanoes
What is the difference between a plain and a plateau?
Plain: large area of flat land
Plateau: large elevated area of flat land
The ______ Scale which measures magnitude and the Mercalli Scale which
measures the intensity of an earthquake.
Richter
On a piece of paper, name and draw the layers of the Earth.
Inner core, outer core, mantle, continental crust, oceanic crust
How did the Himalayas form?
The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates.
Identify 4 of the forms of relief on the illustration:
What is the difference between the hypocenter and the epicenter?
Hypocenter: the point of origin of an earthquake.
Epicenter: point on the Earth’s surface that’s directly above the hypocentre.