Color
Intensity
Brightness or darkness of a hue
Mass
Round
No focal point
Balance
Design being stable and self supported
Piercing method
Wire inserted through calyx and bent downward along stem
Tone
Adding grey to a hue
Filler flowers
Airy look
Asymmetrical
Triangular with a strong L line
Conditioning
Testing flowers to extend freshness
Hook method
Wire inserted through flower, hook formed, then pulled back into flower
Shade
Addition of black to a hue
Form flowers
Create focal point with unusual and distinctive shape
Symmetrical
Formal, equilateral triangle
Scale
Relationship between arrangement and location
Hairpin method
Wire shaped into hairpin
Value
Lightness or darkness of a hue
Line flowers
Establish skeleton
formal-linear
Asymmetrical, few materials in groups emphasizing form and line
Transpiration
Plants losing water through stomata in leaves
Corsage size
24-28
Tint
Adding white to a color
skeleton
Establish outline
Cascade
Layers of materials, carrying in size and texture, flowering effect
Stair step manner
Cut material in a parallel design to create depth
Sizes
#28 finer than #16