MS Drug Classes
This drug class includes etanercept and methotrexate and is used to treat autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus.
What is Immunosuppressant?
The number of mL in 1.7 L.
What is 1700 mL?
This class of drugs, often ending in "-pril," inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.
What is an ACE Inhibitor?
Hypomagnesemia often occurs with low levels of potassium and this other key electrolyte.
What is Calcium (Ca2+)?
This is the most critical fluid balance measurement an LPN must teach a patient to monitor daily when on a diuretic, reporting a gain of more than 3 pounds.
What is daily weight?
Alendronate and ibandronic acid belong to this class, which is associated with the significant side effect of esophagitis.
What is Bisphosphonates?
The number of mL in 4 teaspoons.
What is 20 mL?
This potent class of diuretics, including furosemide (Lasix), works in the Loop of Henle and can lead to significant potassium loss (hypokalemia).
What is a Loop Diuretic?
A normal serum range for this major intracellular cation is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.
What is potassium?
When taking Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin, LPNs should teach the patient to wear sunscreen to prevent this adverse effect.
What is Photosensitivity?
Neostigmine and pyridostigmine are in this class, and work by stopping acetylcholinesterase.
What is a Myasthenia Gravis (Cholinesterase Inhibitor)?
The number of mg in 7200 mcg.
What is 7.2 mg?
Nifedipine and amlodipine belong to this class of drugs that reduce the flow of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells.
What is a Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB)?
A common sign of hypernatremia (high sodium) often seen in patients who are dehydrated.
What is Thirst or Lethargy/Confusion?
A patient with presents with reddish-orange urine and body secretions (contact lens/garment stains).The nurse knows it is likely due to this anti-gout medication.
What is phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent
The number of mL in 6 tablespoons (T).
What is 90 mL?
This class of drugs, including atorvastatin and simvastatin, works by inhibiting an enzyme in the liver to reduce cholesterol production.
What is HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (statin)?
This type of IV fluid, such as 0.9% Sodium Chloride (NS) or Lactated Ringer's (LR), has the same concentration as body fluids and is used for volume expansion.
What is Isotonic?
LPNs monitor a patient's stools for bleeding when administering this NSAID, commonly known as Toradol.
What is Ketorolac?
Dantrolene is used to treat muscle rigidity in patients with Malignant Hyperthermia. Dantrolene, diazepam, baclofen, and cyclobenzaprine all belong to this drug class.
What is Muscle Relaxant?
The number of lbs in 8 kg (rounding to the nearest tenth).
What is 17.6 lbs?
Medications like metoprolol and atenolol are used to decrease heart rate and contractility by blocking these receptors.
What is a Beta Blocker?
This type of IV fluid, such as 0.45% Sodium Chloride (Half-NS), is used to shift fluid out of the blood vessels and into the cells.
What is Hypotonic?
This osmotic diuretic is administered to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure following a severe head injury.
What is Mannitol or Osmitrol?
Alloprinol and colchicine reduce the amount of uric acid made by body cells. What class do they belong to?
What is Antigout?
The number of mL to administer to a 30 lb child if the order is 25 mg/kg and the available concentration is 5 g/20 mL.
What is 1.4 mL?
Amiodarone is a common drug in this class, used to treat ventricular and atrial arrhythmias.
What is an Antidysrhythmic (or Antiarrhythmic)?
Where salt goes, water follows. This type of solution pulls water out of cells causing them to shrink.
What is hypertonic?
For a patient receiving Aminoglycosides, the LPN must monitor for tinnitus and hearing loss, which are signs of this type of toxicity.
What is Ototoxicity?
This drug class includes denosumab, a drug that reduces bone resorption and increases bone density in the treatment of osteoporosis. A significant side effect of denosumab is osteonecrosis of the jaw.
What is Monoclonal Antibody?
The child's weight in kg if the child weighs 66 lbs.
What is 30 kg?
This cardiac glycoside increases the force of myocardial contraction (positive inotrope) and slows the heart rate (negative chronotrope), but has a narrow therapeutic range.
What is Digoxin?
Tetany, Chvostek's sign, and Trousseau's sign are classic clinical manifestations of a deficit in this electrolyte.
What is Calcium (Ca2+)?
This potassium-sparing diuretic works by inhibiting aldosterone receptors in the collecting tubule.
What is Spironolactone or Aldactone
This drug class includes teriparatide used in the treatment of osteoporosis to stimulate new bone formation.
What is Parathyroid Hormone Analogs?
The amount of 300 mg tablets a nurse will administer for an order of allopurinol 450 mg PO daily.
What is 1.5 tablets?
A major, expected side effect of vasodilators like nitroglycerin due to widespread blood vessel dilation.
What is Headache or Hypotension (low blood pressure)?
This deficiency often mimics or accompanies hypocalcemia (low calcium), which is why Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs are classic findings.
What is a magnesium deficiency?
A Black Box Warning for Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin is the risk of this musculoskeletal tissue.
What is tendon rupture?