immune system 101
which class of MHC process endogenous antigens?
class 1
anti-a and anti-b antibodies are mostly composed of what class of immunoglobulin?
IgM
X-linked agammaglobulinemia is caused by a defect in what gene?
Bruton tyrosine kinase
(aids in B cell development from Pro-B cell to immature B cell)
Gram [...] bacteria have a much thicker cell wall
positive
Lipoteichoic acids are present in Gram [...] bacteria cell walls
in B cell differentiation, what process takes place in the dark zone and what process takes place in the light zone?
somatic hypermutation in dark zone; affinity selection
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that develops fever / chills, flank pain, hemoglobinuria, and DIC within 1 hour after starting RBC transfusion?
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
What childhood immunodeficiency presents with absent thymus and tonsils?
SCID
what are the two enzymes that obligate anaerobes lack?
catalase and superoxide dismutase
what is a type 3 exotoxin that interferes with protein elongation
diptheria
which chain on BCRs and which chain on TCRs are made via VJ recombination?
light chain; alpha chain
A febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) can exhibit what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type 2 hsr
what immunodeficiency is caused by mutations in TAP1, TAP2, or tapasin?
bare lymphocyte syndrome
what is the most common bacteria involved in acute endocarditis
S. aureus
what bacteria is responsible for a patient experiencing strawberry tongue and a sand-paper rash>
Streptococcus pyogenes
activation of memory T cells is mostly performed by what two types of cells?
B cells and macrophages
Which blood transfusion reaction presents with respiratory distress, hypotension, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema?
transfusion related acute lung injury
Which region of the lymph node is not well developed in DiGeorge syndrome?
Paracortex
what are the neurotransmitters inhibited from being released in tetanus patients?
glycine and GABA
what toxin released from S aureus causes food poisoning?
enterotoxin
what "normal" cells of the immune system contribute to the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases?
Th17
Which transplanted "organs" are associated with graft-versus-host disease? (2)
bone marrow and liver
IgA deficiency is associated with what disease?
celiac disease
What is the MOA of toxin B of C diff?
depolymerization of actin leading to enterocyte death and necrosis
What class of drugs is first-line in the treatment of Bacillus anthracis?
fluoroquinolones