Thinking Geographically
This type of map projection preserves shape but distorts area, placing Europe and North America at the center.
What is the Mercator projection?
The formula (births − deaths) / total population × 1,000 gives you this demographic measure.
What is the rate of natural increase?
A group of languages descended from one ancestor, like Proto-Indo-European, is called this.
What is a language family?
A state whose borders closely match the boundaries of a single nation is called this ideal type.
What is a nation-state?
A city that is disproportionately large relative to the second-largest city in a country is called this.
What is a primate city?
The concept that people are shaped by their physical environment — the idea that climate and landscape determine culture
What is environmental determinism?
Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by declining birth rates while death rates remain low, resulting in slowing population ___.
What is growth?
The spread of McDonald's, Levi's, and pop music globally is often cited as an example of this cultural process.
What is cultural imperialism?
The Heartland Theory, predicting that control of interior Eurasia means global domination, was proposed by this geographer
Who is Halford Mackinder?
Burgess's Concentric Zone Model and Hoyt's Sector Model both attempt to explain this aspect of urban geography.
What is urban land use / internal structure of cities?
This geographer's model divides the world into a core, semi-periphery, and periphery based on economic power.
What is Wallerstein's World Systems Theory?
Lee's Migration Model identifies these two categories of reasons why people leave their home region.
What are push factors?
This type of boundary, like that of France, coincides with ethnic, linguistic, or cultural divisions.
What is an ethnographic boundary?
This term describes the process by which a state grants power to regional governments — the EU and federal systems are examples.
What is devolution?
The HDI combines GDP per capita, life expectancy, and this third measure of development.
What is education?
The distance decay function describes how interaction between places decreases as this increases.
What is distance?
This term describes migrants who return to their home country after working abroad, often fueling development through remittances.
What is a return migrant?
A sacred site is an example of this category of cultural landscape element, according to Sauer
What is a cultural imprint on landscape?
A state completely surrounded by another state, like Lesotho within South Africa, is called this.
What is an enclave state?
Squatter settlements on the urban fringe of cities in the Global South are called favelas in Brazil and this in South Africa.
What are townships?
This type of diffusion spreads from a node outward along transportation lines — think fast food chains spreading along interstates.
What is network diffusion?
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration state that most migrants move short distances and in steps — this pattern is called ___.
What is step migration?
Lingua franca, pidgin, and creole languages all develop as responses to this geographic phenomenon.
What is language contact?
The Law of the Sea gives coastal nations an Exclusive Economic Zone extending this many nautical miles offshore.
What is 200 nautical miles?
Walter Christaller's Central Place Theory predicts that settlements are arranged in a hexagonal hierarchy based on the range and threshold of this.
What are goods and services?