Monogastrics
Animals with a single stomach.
What are monogastrics?
Largest fermentation chamber
What is the rumen?
The three sources of water for livestock
What are drinking water, water in feed, and metabolic water?
Most enzymes in animal nutrition are this type of molecule
What are proteins?
Energy is derived from the metabolism of these three nutrients
What are carbohydrates, fats (lipids), and protein?
Stomach region that secretes HCl and pepsinogen
What is the glandular (fundic/pyloric) region?
Compartment linked to hardware disease
What is the reticulum?
High-moisture feed that reduces drinking water intake
What is fresh pasture (or silage)?
Enzymes lower this energy to start a reaction
What is activation energy?
Energy in the body is transferred mainly by this molecule
What is ATP?
Main site of digestion and absorption
What is the small intestine?
Compartment that absorbs water before the abomasum
What is the omasum?
Production stage that increases water requirements the most
What is lactation?
Inactive form of an enzyme
What is a zymogen?
The unit used to measure energy in animal nutrition
What is a calorie (kcal or Mcal)?
Movement of nutrients into blood from the intestine
What is absorption?
Main energy products of rumen fermentation
What are volatile fatty acids?
Decreases first when water intake is limited
What is dry matter intake (DMI)?
Enzyme that helps break down starch
What is amylase?
Formula used to estimate metabolic body weight
What is BW⁰·⁷⁵?
Pancreatic enzymes that digest carbs, protein, and fat
What are amylase, proteases, and lipase?
Maximum particle size for rumen passage
What is ~1200 µm?
Measure of dissolved salts affecting water safety and palatability
What is total dissolved solids (TDS)?
Two conditions that affect enzyme activity
What are temperature and pH?
Four main ways animals lose energy
What are feces, urine, gas, and heat?