AB
State three signs or symptoms of an asthma attack.
Wheezing, coughing and difficulty breathing.
What are the three types of external bleeding?
Arterial, venous and capillary bleeding.
What are the three signs of a stroke checked
Facial drooping, arm weakness and slurred speech.
What are the three degrees of burns?
First-degree (superficial), second-degree (partial-thickness) and third-degree (full-thickness) burns.
What material can be placed over a bleeding wound to absorb blood and apply pressure?
Gauze or absorbent dressing
State three signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Body rash, swelling of the eyes or lips, and difficulty breathing.
A man suddenly experiences severe chest pain spreading to his jaw and shoulder. He is covered in cold sweat. What condition should you suspect?
Heart attack.
State two things you must NEVER do to a casualty having a seizure.
Do not restrain their movements(let them vibrate and move about) and do not put anything into their mouth.
Rest, Ice, Compression with figure of 8 bandage and Elevation.
What is the main purpose of using a triangular bandage as an arm sling?
To support and immobilise an injured arm, reducing unnecessary movement.
During fireworks, a girl suddenly breathes very fast. She feels dizzy, and her fingers begin tingling and cramping. What condition should you suspect?
Hyperventilation.
A man suddenly experiences severe chest pain spreading to his jaw and shoulder. He is covered in cold sweat. What condition should you suspect? And how to treat
Half-sitting position to ease breathing, rather than automatically raising his legs. Calm them down and reassure them. Administer GTN if there is any
An elderly lady with diabetes skipped lunch after taking her medication. She is trembling, sweating heavily and becoming confused. What condition should you suspect? And how to treat?
Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar). Sugary food and drink only if conscious, and put casualty in supine position. Monitor if casualtys condition improves
A student accidentally swallows bleach during a science practical. He is forcing himself to vomit out the bleach. What should you do?
A basketball player twists his ankle, causing swelling and pain. Which type of bandage should be used to provide compression?
Crepe bandage(roll), applied with suitable compression, for example using a figure-of-eight technique.
A man escapes from a burning room. His face only seems flushed and the rest of his body looks fine, he breathes rapidly and looks around up and down, also not being able to understand any questions you are asking him. What condition should you suspect?
Inhalation of fumes
Bonus point if team says carbon monoxide poisonng
State the 3 different kinds of shock and how to treat them.
1. Hypovolemic- Control massive bleeding
2. Anaphylatic - remove source of anaphlyaxis and administer epiPEN
3. Cardiogenic- Calm them down, elevate legs if casualty is comfortable doing so, let them sit upright if they cannot breathe properly, monitor breathing
NO GTN
NO GTN as it leads to hypotension
A boy falls from a ladder. He reports no neck pain but later becomes unresponsive, and his airway needs opening. Which technique should a trained first aider use?
Jaw thrust to open airway, while minimising neck movement because a cervical spine injury is suspected. Check breathing and call 995.
After falling during a basketball game, a boy's shoulder looks out of place. He is in severe pain and cannot move his arm normally. What injury should you suspect? And how to treat it?
Shoulder dislocation. Tie an arm sling and check for capillary refill as the nerves may be damaged during the injury.
A student spills hot water onto his arm. After cooling the burn, what type of dressing should be used to cover the affected skin?
A clean, non-fluffy, non-adherent dressing to protect the burn. (for e.g. shiny side of melonin, plastic sheet)
A boy has a tiny wound on his chest after falling onto a sharp metal object. He is barely bleeding, but his breathing is getting worse. What serious injury could be hidden? And what is the procedure after approaching the boy and starting to treat him.
A penetrating chest wound with a possible collapsed lung. Sit him upright and lean him slightly toward his injured side. (This uses gravity to keep the uninjured lung clear, expands his breathing capacity, and helps ease panic)
If the wound begins to bleed, apply direct manual pressure to the wound to prevent bleeding.
(Note in competition you're usually supposed to apply 3 sided chest seal, but in real life DONT, as the seal can trap air which will make the casualty's respiration worse)
A boy falls heavily against a metal railing. He has no visible bleeding, but his pulse becomes fast and weak, and he appears confused. What hidden injury should you suspect? And how to treat it?
HAHA trick question
Internal bleeding, possibly leading to shock. There is not much you can do except treat any possible injuries that may lead to shock(e.g. massive bleeding) as you cannot treat internal bleeding. Call ambulance and early evac
A person during a outdoor sports event on a sunny day feels giddy and feels pain and muscle spasms in his legs. She also does not know where she is when the first aider is conducting disability during primary survey. How to treat?
Its a heat stroke. BRING TO SHELTER IMEEDIATELY.
Remove excess clothing if appropriate
Offer water or isotonic drinks if casualty is alert and conscious.
Heat cramps - Stretch cramped muscles lightly.
Heat stroke - Cool casualty down rapidly by: 6 points wet cloth or ice packs (neck, armpit, groin) OR pour water over casualty’s body.
Monitor vital signs closely for any deterioration. Casualty might fall into cardiac arrest. Be prepared to perform CPR.
The 3 types of wound(other than penetrating chest wound), their signs and symptoms and their treatment.
Abrasion(caused by friction), superficial wound, Using saline or disinfectants and Spray jets of saline at the wound to remove debris and dirt. Cover abrasion with gauze
Incision(just a cut), usually a clean cut wound, a straight line, apply direct pressure on wound, using gauze
Laceration, messy wound, irregular jaggered edges on the wound, apply direct pressure on wound using the shiny side of melonin(or any non sticky dressing so as to not make the fabric stick to wound, eeee)
A sharp metal object is still lodged in a casualty's thigh. Which bandaging materials can be used to stop the object from moving?
Two rolled-up crepe bandages placed beside the object, secured with a crepe or triangular bandage. Do not remove the object.