Sedimentary
What is sediment?
Small pieces of rocks that are moved and deposited by water, wind, gravity, and glaciers.
What is metamorphism?
Metamorphism means that it has been changed
What is erosion?
The removal and transport of sediment.
What are the three sizes of grains found in clastic?
Fine
Medium
Coarse
What is the difference between graded bedding and cross-bedding?
Graded bedding is bedding in which the top layers have finer and lighter particles while cross-bedding is inclined layers of sediment are deposited across a horizontal surface.
What are sediment features?
Angled/round fragments and ripple marks.
What are two common minerals in metamorphic rocks
2 common minerals in metamorphic rocks are sillimanite and garnet
What is weathering?
A physical and chemical process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces.
Explain the sediment type in each.
Coarse=pebble
Medium=grain of sand
Fine=particles of silt
What causes sediment to drop?
When a sediment is dropped on the ground to the bottom of a body of water?
How is sediment squeezed together?
Sediment is squeezed together by the weight of overlying sediments forcing the sediment grains closer
What conditions are necessary for metamorphism?
Immense heat and pressure, the heat necessary for metamorphism comes from earth's internal heat, deep burial or, igneous intrusions nearby. And the pressure required comes from deep burial or compression from mountain building
Erosion material is almost always carried...
downhill
Name two rocks in the clastic family. (each type of grain)
Clastic coarse grained rocks-conglomerate and breccia
Clastic medium grained rocks- sandstone and arkose
Clastic fine grained rocks- siltstone
What is lithification?
The physical and chemical process that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks?
What are three examples of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, biochemical, and chemical.
_______ texture is classified by layers and bands of minerals.
_________ metamorphic rocks are composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes.
Foliated texture is classified by layers and bands of minerals.
Non-foliated metamorphic rocks are composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes
Define chemical weathering.
Chemical weathering is when minerals are dissolved out of rock or are changed.
With clastic being the most common sedimentary rock, what are the other two types of sedimentary rocks?
Chemical and Biochemical.
How are ripple marks created?
When sediment is moved into small ridges by wind or wave action or by a river current.
Sediment gets cemented together by minerals such as.
Calcite and Silica.
_______ metamorphism is the process that affects large areas of earth's crust producing belts classified as low medium or high grade depending on pressure on the rocks , temperature, and depth below the surface
_______ metamorphism is the local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock.
Regional metamorphism is the process that affects large areas of earth's crust producing belts classified as low medium or high grade depending on pressure on the rocks , temperature, and depth below the surface
Contact metamorphism is the local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock.
Which common minerals (quartz, feldspar, and mica) will be most resistant to weathering?
Quartz
What does the word clastic mean in Greek?
Klastos, meaning broken.
Describe the rock cycle and how each rock turns into another starting with magma.
1. Cooling and crystallization
2. Weathering and erosion
3. Compaction and cementation
4. Heat and pressure
5. Melting