Random
What is the study of seasons and natural changes associated with the change in seasons?
Phenology
What is a vegetated area between a body of water and land, such as a stream, river, or lake, that acts as a protective filter and natural barrier?
riparian buffer
What are 2 nutrients found in Dunham Dolostone? Why is that important for the plants?
Calcium and Magnesium. Plants take up those nutrients and use them to grow.
During which season(s) is there overturn in the thermal habitats of lakes?
Spring and fall. In summer, the stratification is epilimnion (warm, upper water), metalimnion (thin middle section) Hypolimnion (cold, lower water).
Indigenous people in Vermont that have been here for over 12,000 years.
Who are the Abenaki
What is a primary producer in Lake Champlain also known as blue-green algae?
cyanobacteria
What is an area of land within which all water drains to the same single point?
Watershed
What is an interacting assemblage of organisms, their physical environment, and the natural processes that affect them?
Natural Community
Name at least one type of ecosystem service and give an example.
Provisioning (timber, medicinal plants)
Regulating (water purification)
Cultural (tourism)
Supporting (nutrient cycle, soil formation)
Describe the concept of Social-Ecological Systems.
Linked systems of people and nature, emphasizing that humans must be seen as a part of, not apart from, nature.
An example of the natural community concept.
What is the Limestone bluff cedar-pine forest, montaine spruce-fir forest, Alpine Krumholtz, etc.
What are (at least 3) urban design techniques or infrastructure that combat urban runoff?
Bioswales/rain gardens, permeable pavement, green roof, street trees/green space, gravel wetlands, and many more!
What is Potash Brook impaired for? (list 2)
stormwater runoff & bacteria
A tree species that was harvested and grown for ship masts in early European settlement.
Eastern White Pine.
The Broad Arrow Policy was a policy of the British government from 1691 to preserve tall trees in the American colonies which were of critical use for the Royal Navy.
What is the Theory of Natural Rights?
Bonus: Who published the Theory of Natural Rights?
All people have the right to life, liberty, and property.
Bonus: John Locke 1690
What is the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance?
pH
What is agricultural land. Most P in the Lake comes from agricultural lands (38%), but developed lands contribute the most phosphorus per acre.
Cattle, sheep, timber, apple orchard, agriculture, and now education and research/restoration.
The misconception held by European settlers that resources in America were unlimited and could be exploited forever
This US federal law regulates water pollution, designates uses, and regulates Water Quality Standards.
Clean Water Act (1972)
Act 64
Vermont Clean Water Act (2015). State of VT and Environmental Protection Agency came up with Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Pollution budget for P entering the lake every day.
Lake Champlain's land area to water surface area ratio compared to the Great Lakes.
Lake Champlain has higher drainage basin area and lower lake volume than the Great Lakes. This means that land use and runoff have a more concentrated impact here than in the Great Lakes.
Invasive species that eat phytoplankton, leaving less food for zooplankton and causing disruptions to the food web.
What are zebra mussels.
This glacier covered VT with 2 miles of ice, and retreated/melted to form Glacial Lake Vermont.
What is the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
When was the peak of land clearance in Vermont?
When is about 150 years ago. This was due to agriculture and timber production, and since then it has been significantly reforested.