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The study of seasons and how plant and animal life change with them
What is phenology?
Riparian buffer
What is a vegetated area between a body of water and land, such as a stream, river, or lake, that acts as a protective filter and natural barrier?
What are 2 nutrients found in Dunham Dolostone? Why is that important for the plants?
Calcium and Magnesium. Plants take up those nutrients and use them to grow.
The temperature drops 3 degrees Fahrenheit and precipitation increases an average of 8 inches per year
What happens with every 1000 feet increase in elevation?
Indigenous people in Vermont that have been here for over 12,000 years
Who are the Abenaki?
A primary producer in Lake Champlain also known as blue-green algae
What is cyanobacteria?
An area of land within which all water (precipitation, runoff) drains into a common body of water
What is a watershed?
An interacting assemblage of organisms, their physical environment, and the natural processes that affect them
What is the natural community concept?
Provisioning services (timber, medicinal plants)
Regulating services (water purification)
Cultural services (tourism)
Supporting services (nutrient cycle, soil formation)
What is an ecosystem service?
Linked systems of people and nature, emphasizing that humans must be seen as a part of, not apart from, nature
What are Social-Ecological Systems?
Examples of natural communities
What is the Limestone bluff cedar-pine forest, montane spruce-fir forest, alpine krummholtz, etc.?
Bioswales/rain gardens, permeable pavement, green roof, street trees/green space, gravel wetlands
What are examples of green stormwater infrastructure that combat urban runoff?
Excess stormwater runoff & bacteria
What is Potash Brook impaired for?
A tree species that was harvested and grown for ship masts in early European settlement.
What is Eastern White Pine?
The Broad Arrow Policy was a policy of the British government from 1691 to preserve tall trees in the American colonies which were of critical use for the Royal Navy.
All people have the right to life, liberty, and property (John Locke, 1690)
What is the Theory of Natural Rights?
The measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance
What is pH?
Land use/land cover type that contributes the most phosphorus to Lake Champlain annually
What is agricultural land? Most phosphorus in the Lake comes from agricultural lands (38%)
Cattle, sheep, timber, apple orchard, agriculture, and now education and research/restoration
What has the land at Jericho Research Forest been used for in its history?
The misconception held by European settlers that resources in America were unlimited and could be exploited forever
What is the Myth of Abundance?
This US federal law regulates water pollution, designates uses, and creates Water Quality Standards
What is the 1972 Clean Water Act?
Vermont Clean Water Act -- State of VT and Environmental Protection Agency came up with Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) annual pollution budget
What is Act 64?
18:1
Drainage area to surface area ratio of Lake Champlain -- means lake is very sensitive to land use throughout the watershed!
Invasive species that eat phytoplankton, leaving less food for zooplankton and causing disruptions to the food web
What are zebra mussels?
This glacier covered VT with 2 miles of ice, and retreated/melted to form Glacial Lake Vermont
What is the Laurentide Ice Sheet?
About 150 years ago. This was due to agriculture and timber production, and since then it has been significantly reforested
When was the peak of land clearance in Vermont?