Which layer of the Earth is the largest (about 1,800 miles thick)?
A) Crust
B) Inner core
C) Mantle
D) Outer core
C) Mantle
A numbered note at the bottom of a page that gives a source is a:
A) Footnote
B) Caption
C) Table of contents
D) Annotation
A) Footnote
In a table, what are first differences?
A) The changes in y from one row to the next
B) The ratios of each y to the one before
C) The first and last y-values in the table
D) The differences of the second differences
A) The changes in y from one row to the next
Which waterway runs beside Constantinople?
A) Strait of Gibraltar
B) Danube River
C) Nile River
D) Bosporus Strait
D) Bosporus Strait
Where do Joseph’s brothers throw him before deciding to sell him into slavery?
A) A deep dry pit
B) A dark cave
C) An animal pen
D) A riverbed
A) A deep dry pit
Which layer of the Earth is made of liquid iron and nickel?
A) Outer core
B) Inner core
C) Crust
D) Mantle
A) Outer core
What does it mean to evaluate a text's structure?
A) To name the structure the author used
B) To judge how well the structure works using clear criteria
C) To summarize the text in your own words
D) To count how many structures the text uses
B) To judge how well the structure works using clear criteria

Which graph starts at an endpoint and curves in only one direction?
A) Square root B) Cube root C) Cubic D) Exponential
A) Square root
Which rival empire bordered the Byzantines to the east?
A) Sasanian Persian Empire
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Frankish Kingdom
D) Vandal Kingdom
A) Sasanian Persian Empire
While in prison, which two royal servants have dreams that Joseph interprets?
A) The Blacksmith and Scribe
B) The Architect and Guard Captain
C) The Butler and Baker
D) The Physician and Musician
C) The Butler and Baker
Which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?
A) Sedimentary
B) Igneous
C) Metamorphic
D) Magma
A) Sedimentary
"Alligators have U-shaped snouts, while crocodiles have V-shaped ones." Which structure is used?
A) Cause and effect
B) Problem/solution
C) Compare and contrast
D) Chronological
C) Compare and contrast
A table's y-values are 2, 6, 18, 54 as x goes 0 to 3. What type could it be?
A) Linear
B) Quadratic
C) Absolute value
D) Exponential
D) Exponential
At its height, the empire held land on which continents?
A) Europe and Asia only
B) Europe and Africa only
C) Asia and Africa only
D) Europe, Asia, and Africa
D) Europe, Asia, and Africa
What do the seven thin, sickly cows consuming the seven fat cows represent in Pharaoh's dream?
A) Seven years of famine following seven years of abundance
B) Seven military defeats against neighboring empires
C) Seven plagues devastating the Nile delta
D) Seven years of drought followed by massive floods
A) Seven years of famine following seven years of abundance
With heat and pressure, limestone changes into which metamorphic rock?
A) Granite
B) Obsidian
C) Sandstone
D) Marble
D) Marble
A graph's y-axis starts at 60 instead of 0, so a small rise looks huge. This feature is:
A) Effective because it saves space on the page
B) Misleading because it exaggerates the change
C) Effective because it makes the bars more colorful
D) Unrelated to how readers understand the data
B) Misleading because it exaggerates the change
A graph flattens toward y = −3 on the left and rises steeply on the right. Type?
A) Quadratic
B) Exponential
C) Square root
D) Cube root
B) Exponential
Which group of regions was ADDED to the empire by Justinian's reconquests?
A) Anatolia, Levant, Egypt
B) North Africa, Italy, Spania
C) Balkans, Anatolia, Egypt
D) Persia, Arabia, Gaul
B) North Africa, Italy, Spania
Which brother does Joseph hold in custody in Egypt while the others return to fetch Benjamin?
A) Reuben
B) Issachar
C) Simeon
D) Zebulun
C) Simeon
How do the crystals inside a geode form?
A) Lava flows over the outside of the rock
B) Wind blows sand into the hollow
C) Mineral-rich water seeps into the hollow and crystals grow inward
D) Pressure squeezes sand grains together
C) Mineral-rich water seeps into the hollow and crystals grow inward
Which revision would make a graph titled "Phones Are DESTROYING Sleep!!!" more effective?
A) Add brighter colors to each bar
B) Make the title bigger and add more exclamation points
C) Use a neutral title, labeled axes, and a source note
D) Remove the bars and keep only the title
C) Use a neutral title, labeled axes, and a source note
Table: x is 1, 2, 3 and y is 2, 4, 8. Which statement is best supported?
A) It must be quadratic
B) It must be exponential
C) It could be quadratic or exponential
D) It cannot be a function
C) It could be quadratic or exponential
Why couldn't the empire hold its 565 borders?
A) Its lands were scattered and attacked on all sides
B) Justinian gave Italy away
C) The capital moved to Rome
D) The Sahara spread north
A) Its lands were scattered and attacked on all sides
What name does Joseph give to his firstborn son in Egypt?
A) Manasseh
B) Ephraim
C) Gershom
D) Eliezer
A) Manasseh