Critical Thinking & Scientific Literacy
This is the human tendency to look for, and pay attention to, only information that matches our preconceived beliefs.
What is confirmation bias?
This term generally refers to the extent to which differences in the prevalence of a trait are due to the influence of genetics.
What is heritability?
This psychologist is often referred to as the father of experimental psychology.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
According to the APA code, *this* should be a psychologist's highest priority.
What is "the welfare of the client?"
These are the two subfields of psychology who typically do career counseling.
What are School Psychology and Counseling Psychology?
When viewing random events (like in a game), we sometimes believe that a certain outcome is "due" because it hasn't happened in a while.
What is the Gambler's Fallacy?
Positive psychology was developed in part as a reaction against *this* model of mental illness used by mainstream psychology.
What is the "disease/medical/biological" model?
According to Freud's theory, which ego defense mechanism is shown when a person attributes their own negative emotions to others instead?
What is Projection?
This is the ethical "guiding principle" stating that psychologists should tell the truth, and fulfill their responsibilities.
What is Integrity?
In the Holland/RIASEC career model, the "S" stands for this:
What is Social?
This invalid argument tactic is when someone tries to convince you to believe something, simply because they "know a guy" who had a particular experience with that thing.
What is argument by anecdote?
Which of the models of abnormality is *most likely* to emphasize the importance of "nature" instead of "nurture?"
What is the medical/biological model?
This movement in psychology was influenced by William James, and inspired by Darwin's work on evolution/natural selection.
What is "functionalism?"
This is an ethical/legal obligation that psychologists typically have if a client tells them about abuse of a child or other vulnerable person.
What is "duty to report?"
This career theory focuses on contextual factors, learning experiences, and expectations that influence career decisions.
What is social cognitive career theory?
When we make a mistake, it's not our fault, it's because of the situation -- but when someone else makes a mistake, it's because of their bad character or disposition.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
This model of abnormality encourages people to take responsibility for making meaning in their lives, and creating the conditions necessary to thrive.
What is the existential/humanistic model?
Darley & Latane's study on bystander effects suggests that in general, what factor makes a bystander MORE likely to help out in a crisis situation?
What is "When there are fewer (or no) other persons who witness the situation"?
This is the ethical responsibility for a psychologist to tell clients/supervisees/research subjects what to expect in working with them, so they can decide whether to be a part of it or not.
What is "informed consent?"
Which subfield of psychology would be most likely to use tests to measure the functioning of the brain?
What is neuropsychology/biological psychology?
When two things happen together, but don't actually have anything to do with each other, this is called:
What is an "Illusory correlation"?
Most modern psychologists use *this* approach, which views behavior as due to a complex interaction of biological, social, cognitive, and dynamic factors.
What is the "biopsychosocial" model?
Elizabeth Loftus' study of memory suggested that memory is not an exact "copy" of what happened, and can be influenced by new information. She referred to this phenomena as:
What is "Reconstructed memory"?
(or the misinformation effect)
A psychologist should avoid a "multiple relationship" when the relationship is likely to do one of these TWO things:
What are "exploit the client" and/or "impair the psychologist's judgment?"
This subfield of psychology would be most likely to do research on conformity, obedience, or other group-related behaviors.
What is Social Psychology?