Heat and Temperature
Dropping a ball from a high level and letting it bounce is an example of what?
Kinetic energy
What was heat originally thought to be?
A fluid like substance called caloric
What defines the particle model of matter?
Remember, SAMM or HAAMS
What is temperature?
The average kinetic energy of all particles in an object
What is called when air or liquids travels in a circular pattern to transfer energy?
Convection
Contraction
What is a need?
basic, required conditions needed to live
During a phase change, what happens to the particles and temperature of a substance?
The particles gain energy, increasing the space between particles and moving faster. The temperature does not change.
What is thermal energy?
The total thermal energy of all particles in a substance
What type of heat transfer occurs when you rub your hands together?
Conduction
What is a want?
an extension of needs but are not essential to living
What happens to the organization of particles in a substance as heat energy is removed?
The organization of particles becomes more organized.
What is heat?
Heat is energy. Specifically, heat is the energy that transfers from one substance to another because of the difference in kinetic energy
Explain why a plastic spoon stays cool when it is placed in hot water.
It is an insulator.
What is thermal expansion?
The process of expansion of a substance caused by an increase in thermal energy
Deciding whether to take a 30 min hot shower vs a 10 min hot shower is an example of what?
Personal choice
Explain convection using the particle model of matter
As particles gain energy, they spread out and rise because they become less dense. The cooler, denser particles than get pushed and sink
What would have greater thermal energy, a cup of coffee at 80°C or a full bathtub at 40°C?
Although the bathtub has a lower temperature because it has a greater volume of water. There are more water particles such that if you added all together the thermal energy of each particle, the bathtub would have greater thermal energy.
A saucepan is on a stovetop boiling hot water. How is it showing all three kinds of heat transfer?
Radiation - The stove top surface is radiating heat (if you put your hand on top of a hot stop top you can feel the heat!)
Conduction - After the particles gain energy from radiation, the particles in the solid transfer energy to neighbouring particles. (if you touch the side or the handle you can feel this transfer of heat)
Convection - The water particles inside heat up becoming less dense and moving upwards and moving the dense and cold particles downwards.
What defines modern heat technologies?
We can control the temperature
Explain conduction using the particle model of matter.
The particles in solids gain energy from direct contact. They start to vibrate faster and bump into other particles. When they bump into other particles, they transfer their energy (transfers from the high energy particle to the low energy particle).