Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
100
The beginning sound (b, c, h, r, s) in the words bat, cat, hat, rat, sat.
What is an onset?
100
The word formation process by which words such as "businessman" (business + man), "police officer" (police + officer), "fire truck" (fire + truck), etc. are formed.
What is compounding?
100
The idea that in languages such as Korean or Japanese, a sentence can read "boy (subject marker) horse (object marker) kick" when in English it would read "the boy kicked the horse".
What is word order?
100
These are words that look the same and mean the same in two languages. For example, in English and Spanish, the words "activation" and "activación", "examine" and "examinar", look and mean the same.
What are cognates?
100

Two factors that always influence what is said and what is understood (Hint: both start with C)

What are context and culture?

200
The "at" in the words bat, cat, hat, rat, sat
What is a rime?
200
The word formation process by which words such as "scuba" (from the initials of self contained underwater breathing apparatus) or "snafu" (from the initials of situation normal all f----- up) are formed.
What is an acronym?
200
The awareness that in the sentence "You used to be more... "muchier." You've lost your "muchness." the word "muchier" is an adjective and the word "muchness" is a noun.
What is morphosyntactic awareness?
200
These are words that look the same in two languages but mean something totally different in each language. For example, in English and Spanish, the words "actual" and "actual", "attend" and "atender", "realize" and "realizar", although looking the same, mean something different in each language.
What are false cognates?
200

Quality, Quantity, Relation, Manner 

What are Grice's conversational maxims or the Co-Operative Principle?

300
The smallest unit in sound that makes a difference in meaning as in the words "ten" and "den" or "lit" and "lid".
What is a phoneme? What is a minimal pair?
300
The word formation process by which words such as "Spanglish" (Spanish + English), "rockumentary" (rock + documentary), "cyborg" (cybernetic + organism), etc. are formed.
What is a blend?
300

A syntactically complete response that does not include all clause elements because some of them are understood from context and do not need to be repeated.

What is ellipsis?

300
These are words that have the same sound but have different spelling and meaning. For example, the words "ate" and "eight", "sun" and "son", "suite" and sweet".
What are homophones?
300
The statements "Why don't you sit down?" "I can't reach the salt." are examples.
What are indirect speech acts?
400
The difference in meaning created by pronouncing the word import as a noun ('import) or as a verb (im'port).
What is word stress?
400
Morphemes that do not alter the meaning or the part of speech of the stem. For example, in the stem "work", the "s" in "works", the "ed" in "worked", and the "ing" in "working".
What are inflectional morphemes/affixes? What is inflection?
400
The statement I see him yesterday natural to a Chinese speaker, has to do with this syntactical issue of English.
What is verb tense?
400
These are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings. For example, the words "bear" (the animal) and "bear" (the verb, "stand"), or "fair" (the place) and "fair" (the adjective, "just").
What are homographs?
400
The remarks "That was smart!" "You are very generous!" said with the opposite intended meaning, are examples.
What is irony/sarcasm?
500

Different realizations of the same phoneme that do not make a difference in meaning, as in the word "writer" pronounced in American English (righDer) and in British English (righTer).

What is an allophone? What are allophones?

500
Morphemes that change the meaning or the part of speech of the stem. For example, in the stem "understand", the "mis" in "misunderstand", the "able" in "understandable"; in the stem "free", the "dom" in "freedom", the "ly" in "freely".
What are derivational morphemes/affixes? What is derivation?
500

The part of a clause that tells where, when, why or how related to the verb.

What is the Adverbial clause element or Adjunct?

500
These are words that have the same spelling but are pronounced differently and have different meaning. For example, the word "bass" (the fish, pr. bAs) and the word "bass" (the musical instrument, pr. bEIs), or the word "lead" (the verb, pr. lEEd) and the word "lead" (the metallic element, pr. lEd).
What are heteronyms?
500

This is the ability to infer meaning from non-linguistic clues in the context of verbal communication, from the "unsaid."

What is pragmatic competence? or What is implicature?

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