Airspaces
What is the altitude range for Class A airspace in the United States?
From 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL600.
What does FAR stand for, and what does it govern?
Federal Aviation Regulations; it governs all aviation activities in the U.S.
Are there legal penalties for flying low over wilderness areas, even if not prohibited?
Although it is not against the law until a pilot violates a TFR or poses a risk, they may be subject to criticism and scrutiny.
What happens during a presidential TFR, and how does it affect airspace access?
A presidential TFR restricts all non-authorized flights in the area; violators may face enforcement action.
When might a Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) be put into effect, and what is it?
A TFR is a brief airspace restriction imposed for security, natural disasters, or significant events.
Which kind of airspace usually has a "cake" form and surrounds big airports?
Class B airspace.
What does ADS-B stand for, and what is its purpose?
Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast; it improves aircraft tracking and situational awareness.
What altitude should pilots maintain over designated wilderness areas per FAA recommendations?
At least 2,000 feet AGL.
What causes airspace competition around large metro areas?
High volumes of commercial, general aviation, and military traffic.
What type of special use airspace extends offshore and may contain activities hazardous to non-participating aircraft?
Warning Area.
What is the primary radar difference between Class C and Class D airspace?
Class C airspace has radar services; Class D typically does not.
What does ATIS stand for and provide to pilots?
Automatic Terminal Information Service; it provides weather and operational information at airports.
What is a key ethical consideration when flying over wilderness airspace?
Minimizing environmental impact and respecting public land usage.
How might pilot operations be affected by airspace congestion?
It can cause delays, reroutes, and increased ATC workload.
What does a Military Operations Area (MOA) allow pilots to do, and what should civilian pilots exercise?
MOAs allow military training; civilian pilots should exercise extreme caution.
Which class of airspace requires a two-way radio and a Mode C transponder but does not require ATC clearance to enter?
Class C airspace.
What is the NAS, and what does it encompass?
National Airspace System: includes all airspace, navigation facilities, and airports in the U.S.
Why does the FAA recommend altitude restrictions over national parks and wilderness areas?
To minimize noise disturbance to wildlife and preserve natural tranquility.
Who ultimately controls and prioritizes airspace usage in the U.S.?
The FAA
What type of special use airspace is completely off-limits due to national security concerns?
Prohibited Area.
In Class E airspace below 10,000 feet MSL, what visibility and cloud clearance requirements are necessary for VFR?
3 SM visibility, 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, 2,000 ft horizontal from clouds.
What is a NOTAM, and why is it important?
Notice to Air Missions; alerts pilots to time-sensitive or temporary changes in operations.
What advisory circular outlines recommended flight practices over noise-sensitive areas?
FAA AC 91-36D.
How can airspace congestion impact pilot operations?
It can cause delays, reroutes, and increased ATC workload.
What kind of special use airspace is used for hazardous military activity and may require permission to enter?
Restricted Area.