Regulations
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) requires employers to:
A. Maintain Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and communicate chemical hazards
B. Provide free housing for workers
C. Avoid using any chemicals classified as hazardous
D. Allow employees to skip safety training if experienced
A. Maintain Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and communicate chemical hazards
How wide should the planting hole be for a B&B tree relative to the rootball?
A. About the same width as the rootball
B. Twice the width of the rootball
C. Approximately three times the width of the rootball
D. Five times the width of the rootball
B. Twice the width of the rootball
Marketing success for nurseries depends largely on:
A. Meeting customer demand with good quality plants
B. Planting as many species as possible
C. Reducing plant quality to lower prices
D. Avoiding certification
A. Meeting customer demand with good quality plants
What is the process of gradually acclimating seedlings to outdoor conditions called?
A. Hardening
B. Layering
C. Sowing
D. Mulching
A. Hardening
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) primarily release nutrients based on:
A. Temperature
B. Soil color
C. Root density
D. Irrigation frequency
A. Temperature
What qualification must a new plant variety meet to be protected under the Plant Variety Protection Act?
A. Distinctness, uniformity, and stability
B. High market value and fast growth
C. It must be asexually propagated
D. It must be grown in at least three states
A. Distinctness, uniformity, and stability
After placing the tree in the hole at correct depth and position, what should be done with visible burlap or rope?
A. Leave them in place to provide support as the tree grows
B. Cut away all visible burlap and rope once the rootball is stable
C. Remove only the burlap but leave the rope intact
D. Do nothing and cover everything with backfill
B. Cut away all visible burlap and rope once the rootball is stable
Shade nets in nurseries are primarily used to:
A.Prevent fertilization
B. Increase soil salinity
C. Reduce excessive sunlight
D. Kill harmful fungi
C.Reduce excessive sunlight
Which propagation method results in genetically identical plants?
A. Asexual propagation
B. Sexual propagation
C. Seed propagation only
D. Cross-pollination
A. Asexual propagation
What is a key advantage of incorporating green manure crops into nursery soil?
A.They immediately increase long-term humus levels
B. They supply carbon and biological activity that improves soil structure
C. They eliminate the need for fertilizers
D. They raise soil pH quickly
B. They supply carbon and biological activity that improves soil structure
What is one key reason nursery managers should stay informed about changing laws and regulations?
A. Compliance eliminates the need for worker training
B. Laws are optional for small nurseries
C. Regulatory changes only affect pesticide companies
D. Regulations are frequently updated and can directly impact nursery operations
Regulations are frequently updated and can directly impact nursery operations
According to the guideline, when digging the planting hole for a balled & burlapped (B&B) tree, how deep should the hole be?
A. Slightly shallower than the rootball depth so the trunk flare ends up above grade
B. Twice as deep as the rootball to allow extra soil
C. As deep as the rootball depth from trunk flare to bottom
D. Deep enough to bury the rootball completely
A. Slightly shallower than the rootball depth so the trunk flare ends up above grade
A major challenge in field production is:
A. Too much shade
B. Managing weeds that compete with crops
C. Lack of sunlight
D. Excess windbreaks
B. Managing weeds that compete with crops
Which propagation method generally produces large numbers of plants but may cause genetic variation?
A.Budding
B. Air layering
C. Grafting
D. Sexual propagation
D. Sexual propagation
A major caution when applying composts such as mushroom compost is:
A. High soluble salts that may injure young plants
B. Very low nutrient content
C. Immediate nitrogen toxicity
D. Inability to improve soil structure
A. High soluble salts that may injure young plants
Under the Federal Unemployment Compensation Act, what portion of employee wages is subject to the 6% unemployment tax?
A. The first $7,000 of wages earned
B. Total annual wages
C. Only overtime earnings
D. Wages earned only during peak seasons
A. The first $7,000 of wages earned
Regarding mulch application around newly planted B&B trees/shrubs, what is the correct recommendation?
A. Pile mulch against the trunk to conserve moisture
B. Mix fresh mulch into the backfill soil for extra nutrients
C. Apply mulch 2–4 inches deep over a wide area, tapering so it does not touch the trunk
D. Use peat moss as mulch, especially around the roots
C. Apply mulch 2–4 inches deep over a wide area, tapering so it does not touch the trunk
Rootstock in grafting is used to provide:
A. Flower color
B. The root system and adaptability
C. Seed production
D. Leaf shape
B. The root system and adaptability
High humidity in propagation areas helps with rooting but may also increase:
A. Disease risk
B. Sunlight intensity
C. Soil compaction
D. Wind speed
A. Disease risk
Fresh sawdust added to nursery soils often requires supplemental nitrogen because:
A. Sawdust releases toxic compounds for years
B. Sawdust inherently lowers soil pH
C. Sawdust contains excess phosphorus
D.Microbes immobilize nitrogen while decomposing high-C:N materials
D.Microbes immobilize nitrogen while decomposing high-C:N materials
Which statement correctly describes restricted-use pesticides under FIFRA?
A. Any worker may apply them without training
B. They are safer than general-use pesticides
C. They may cause environmental or applicator harm if misused and require certification to apply
D. They are only permitted in greenhouse operations
C.They may cause environmental or applicator harm if misused and require certification to apply
The root flare of a tree should be positioned:
A. Facing east
B. Several inches below ground
C. Covered with mulch
D. At or slightly above ground level
D.At or slightly above ground level
What is the main advantage of raised nursery beds?
A. Improved drainage and aeration
B. They require no irrigation
C. They eliminate all weeds
D. They prevent pest attacks
A. Improved drainage and aeration
The most common method laboratories use to measure soil organic matter is:
A. Loss on ignition
B. Wet oxidation by acid hydrolysis
C. Alkaline hydrolysis
D. Microwave desiccation
Wet oxidation by acid hydrolysis
What is the recommended depth for applying organic mulch to effectively suppress weeds without harming ornamental plants?
A. Less Than 1 inch
B. 6–8 inches
C.2–4 inches
C.2–4 inches